法律规范构建与消费者权益保护:预制菜行业法治化的“两驾马车”  

Construction of Legal Norms and Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests:the Keys to Legalization of Ready-Made Food Industry

作　　者：杨睿 YANG Rui(Law School,Beijing Normal University,Haidian Beijing,102200,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院,北京海淀102200

出　　处：《西南石油大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期83-96,共14页Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“社会系统论视角下突发公共卫生事件的依法治理研究”(20BFX041)。

摘　　要：预制菜作为食品行业的新兴力量,正在中国乃至全球迅速崛起,对其开展法治化建设刻不容缓,具体应从法律规范构建与消费者权益保护两方面一齐着手。就规范设计而言,应当于《食品安全法》附则部分廓清“地方特色食品”之定义并将“地方特色预制菜”纳入其中,由此赋予地方政府制定更为严格、更具特色的预制菜食品安全地方标准的权力。此外,为消弭我国既有预制菜规范之局限性、零散性与冲突性,国务院应当颁布专门的预制菜行政法规以统摄、引领各下位法规范。就消费者权益保护而言,除明确将沉默欺诈与虚假宣传作为预制菜行业内的消费欺诈行为予以规制外,未来还应建构强制标识制度作为预制菜经营者履行告知义务的具体方式,并设立消费者安全举报制度作为政府监管力量的有效补充,打造上下联动、左右配合的食品安全多元协同共治机制。As an emerging force in the food industry,ready-made food is rising rapidly in China and the rest of the world.It is urgent to carry out legalization construction of the ready-made food industry from two aspects:the construction of legal norms and the protection of consumer rights and interests.As far as standard design is concerned,the definition of"local cuisine"should be clarified in the supplementary provisions of the Food Safety Law and"local ready-made food"should be included,thus giving local governments the power to formulate stricter and more distinctive local food safety standards for ready-made food.In addition,in order to eliminate the limitations,fragmentation and conflicts of China's existing ready-made food norms,the State Council should promulgate special ready-made food administrative regulations to unify and guide the subordinate laws and norms.As far as the protection of consumer rights and interests is concerned,in addition to explicitly regulating silent fraud and false propaganda as consumer fraud in the ready-made food industry,a mandatory labeling system should be constructed as a specific way for ready-made food operators to fulfill their notification obligations,and a consumer safety reporting system should be set up as an effective supplement to the government's supervision power,so as to create a multi-collaborative and co-governance mechanism of food safety with integrated central and local efforts and collaboration among different regions.

关 键 词：预制菜 法律规范构建 消费者权益保护 协同共治 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.294[政治法律—法学]