腐解菌剂耦合尿素对水稻秸秆腐解率及产量的影响  

Effects of Microbial Product Coupling Urea on Straw Decomposition Rate and Yield of Rice

作　　者：李阳阳 陈帅民 徐铭鸿 迟畅[1] 马巍[1] 王胤平 宋艳 范作伟[1] 吴海燕[1] LI Yangyang;CHEN Shuaimin;XU Minghong;CHI Chang;MA Wei;WANG Yinping;SONG Yan;FAN Zuowei;WU Haiyan(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China),Changchun 130033;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Dehui,Dehui,Jilin 130300)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心),长春130033 [2]德惠市农业技术推广中心,吉林德惠130300

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第9期18-24,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：吉林省重大科技专项“盐碱地新型长效土壤调理剂研制与改土培肥增产增效微生物技术创新与应用”(20240203001NC);吉林省农业科技创新工程“秸秆还田条件下腐解菌剂和优化施肥对水稻产量的影响”(E32010249);吉林省科技发展计划“水稻秸秆腐解剂的研制及其应用技术研究”(20220203104SF)。

摘　　要：为遴选出适宜东北地区冷凉条件下水稻秸秆原位还田腐解效果最优的菌剂产品,并明确腐解菌剂与尿素耦合的最佳用量,于2020年10月—2022年10月在吉林省松原市前郭灌区红旗农场和吉林市永吉县万昌镇,选择3种腐解菌剂进行田间比选试验,以水稻秸秆腐解率、水稻生物学性状和产量为指标,遴选出应用效果较好的菌剂产品;设置秸秆还田配施该腐解菌剂与不同尿素用量耦合试验,明确最适宜的尿素用量。结果表明:自主研发的腐解菌剂NKY表现出更好的田间应用效果,红旗农场和万昌镇的周年秸秆腐解率分别为68.8%和67.2%,与未施菌剂处理(CK)相比分别提高38.5和35.5个百分点,水稻株高、分蘖数和干物重也均有所增加,水稻产量分别提高6.0%和6.8%;尿素与腐解菌剂NKY耦合的最适宜用量为75 kg/hm2,与未施尿素相比,秸秆腐解率提高8.7%,产量提高6.2%。综上所述,自主研发的腐解菌剂NKY不仅有很好的水稻秸秆降解能力,同时能够促进作物生长、提高作物产量,具有较好的应用前景。To select the most effective microbial product for in-situ decomposition of rice straw under cool conditions in Northeast China,and to determine the optimal dosage of microbial product coupling urea,this study conducted comparative experiments,and used the decomposition rate of rice straw,biological characteristics and yield of rice as indicators to define the optimal microbial product and the dosage of urea.The results showed that the independently developed microbial product NKY showed better field application effects.The straw decomposition rates of Hongqi Farm and Wanchang Town were 68.8%and 67.2%,respectively,which were 38.5%and 35.5%higher than CK.The height,tiller number,and dry weight of rice were also increased,and the rice yield increased by 6.0%and 6.8%,respectively.The optimal dosage for coupling urea with microbial product NKY was 75 kg/hm2.Compared with no urea application,the straw decomposition rate increased by 8.7%,and the yield increased by 6.2%.In summary,the microbial product NKY not only has good degradation ability of rice straw,but also could promote crop growth and improve crop yield,which has a better application prospect.

关 键 词：水稻 秸秆还田 腐解菌剂 腐解率 施氮量 生物学性状 干物重 产量 

分 类 号：S144.1[农业科学—肥料学]