不同生育期喷施海藻酸增效液对冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响  

Effect of Spraying Alginate Enhancing Solution at Different Growth Stages on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat

作　　者：田翠玲 田家良 TIAN Cuiling;TIAN Jialiang(Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Juye County,Juye,Shandong 274900;Digital Agriculture and Rural Development Center of Huantai County,Huantai,Shandong 256400)

机构地区：[1]巨野县农业技术推广中心,山东巨野274900 [2]桓台县数字农业农村发展中心,山东桓台256400

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第9期25-31,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“黄淮海地区鲜食玉米和绿肥‘2+1’茬高效绿色种植试验及示范推广”(2023YFD2303100-01);中央引导地方科技发展专项“新型海藻酸肥料增效技术应用与推广项目”(22-1-3-2-zyyd-nsh)。

摘　　要：为探究海藻酸增效液对冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响,在冬小麦返青期、拔节期、孕穗期分别设置4个不同浓度处理,分别为0 mg/kg(CK)、30 mg/kg(N30)、60 mg/kg(N60)、90 mg/kg(N90),研究了不同处理间的叶绿素含量、灌浆速率、干物质积累与分配、光合特性及产量等指标。结果表明:喷施海藻酸增效液可以显著提高小麦旗叶的叶绿素含量及籽粒的灌浆速率,尤其是在开花后期,相较于CK处理,仍能保持明显优势。各浓度处理的茎鞘+叶片干物质积累量、穗轴+颖壳干物质积累量、籽粒干物质积累量及分配比例显著高于CK,其中拔节期N30处理的优势最为明显。在光合作用中,喷施海藻酸增效液显著提高了小麦旗叶的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)及蒸腾速率(Tr),降低了小麦旗叶的胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci),使作物始终保持较高的光合作用效率。在产量及构成因素中,各浓度处理的穗数及穗粒数与CK相比差异不大,但千粒重及产量显著高于CK,其中拔节期按照30 mg/kg喷施海藻酸增效液增产效果最好,产量为8811.96 kg/hm2,相较于同生育期CK处理,产量提高了12.01%。综上所述,拔节期按照30 mg/kg喷施海藻酸增效液是较为合理的施肥方案。To explore the effect of alginate enhancing solution on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat,four different concentration treatments were set during the regreening stage,jointing stage and booting stage of winter wheat,which were 0 mg/kg(CK),30 mg/kg(N30),60 mg/kg(N60)and 90 mg/kg(N90).The indexes such as chlorophyll content,grain filling rate,dry matter accumulation and distribution,photosynthetic characteristics and yield among different treatments were studied.The results showed that spraying alginate enhancing solution could significantly increase the chlorophyll content of wheat flag leaves and the grain filling rate,especially in the late stage of flowering,it still maintained a significant advantage compared with CK.The dry matter accumulation of stem sheath+leaves,ear shaft+glume,grain and distribution ratio were significantly higher than those of CK,among which the advantage of N30 treatment at the jointing stage was the most obvious.In photosynthesis,spraying alginate enhancing solution significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr)of flag leaves,reduced the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci)of flag leaves,keeping the crops at a high photosynthetic rate all the time.In terms of yield and composition factors,there were no significant differences in the number of spikes and grains per spike among different concentration treatments compared with CK,but the thousand grain weight and yield were significantly higher than CK.Among them,spraying alginate enhancing solution at 30 mg/kg at the jointing stage had the best yield-increasing effect,with a yield of 8811.96 kg/hm2,which was 12.01%higher than that of the CK treatment in the same growth period.In summary,spraying alginate enhancing solution at 30 mg/kg at the jointing stage is a more reasonable fertilization scheme.

关 键 词：生育期 海藻酸增效液 冬小麦 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]