亚热带天然林地土壤磷素形态组成及空间分异特点研究  

Forms and Spatial Distribution of Soil Phosphorus in Subtropical Natural Forest Land

作　　者：周华萍 张舟娜 章明奎[3] ZHOU Huaping;ZHANG Zhouna;ZHANG Mingkui(Xiaoshan District Agricultural and Forestry Technology Extension Center of Hangzhou,Hangzhou 311203;Yuhang District Agricultural Ecology and Plant Protection Service Station of Hangzhou,Hangzhou 311121;College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058)

机构地区：[1]杭州市萧山区农业和林业技术推广中心,杭州311203 [2]杭州市余杭区农业生态与植物保护服务站,杭州311121 [3]浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第9期107-116,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“长期全年淹水集约种植对水耕人为土性态演变与物质循环及生态功能的影响”(41977001);杭州市农业科技协作与创新攻关项目“非粮化苗木清退农田地力提升技术研究与师范”(202306TD18)。

摘　　要：为了解亚热带天然林地土壤磷素组成的空间分异特征,本研究以钱江源国家公园莲花山景区的天然林地为对象,分别采集坡顶、中坡(山腰)、坡脚等3个地形部位的上层土样(0~15、15~30 cm)和代表剖面的分层土壤样品,并且采集根际土壤,进而详细鉴定土壤磷素形态。结果表明:无论是上层土样还是剖面分层土壤分析结果均表明,研究区土壤有机碳、全磷、各形态的有机磷、Ca_(2)-P、有效磷含量均呈现明显的表聚特征,随着土壤深度的增加逐渐降低。研究土壤无机磷的平均比例高于有机磷比例;有机磷占全磷的比例、活性有机磷和中度活性有机磷占有机磷的比例呈现坡脚>坡顶>中坡的规律,并且随着剖面深度的增加显著下降。林地土壤中的有机磷主要以中度活性有机磷和中稳性有机磷的形态存在;无机磷主要以闭蓄态磷(O-P)和Fe-P的形式存在。与对应土层的细土比较,根际土壤中含有较低的全磷、较低的pH,较高的有机碳、有效磷、有机磷比例、活性有机磷占有机磷的比例和Ca_(2)-P占全磷的比例。各形态有机磷、Ca_(2)-P、Al-P、有效磷含量与有机碳呈极显著相关。分析认为根系对深层土壤磷的吸收、枯叶返回地表及地表径流的迁移是造成天然林地土壤磷素空间差异的主要驱动因素。To understand the spatial differentiation of soil P forms in the subtropical natural forest land,this study took the natural forest land of Lianhuashan scenic spot in the Qianjiangyuan National Park as the research object,both upper layer samples(0-15 cm and 15-30 cm)and the horizontal samples of representative soil profiles located in three terrain positions,including the top of slope,middle slope(hillside),slope toe,and also rhizosphere soils at the foot of the slope,were collected to characterize P forms for understanding the relationship between soil P composition and topography.The analysis results of both upper soil sample and profile soil horizonal samples showed that the organic C,total P,total organic P and various forms of organic P,Ca_(2)-P and available P had obvious surface enrichment characteristics,which gradually decreased with the soil depth.The averaged proportion of inorganic P in the total P was higher than that of organic P.The proportion of organic P to the total P and the proportions of both active and moderate active organic P to total organic P decreased in the order of slope toe>top>middle slope,and also decreased with the depth of the profile.The organic P in forest soil mainly existed in the medium active organic P and medium stable organic P,while inorganic P mainly existed in the occluded P(O-P)and Fe-P.Compared with the corresponding bulk soils,the rhizosphere soils contained lower total P and lower pH,the higher proportion of organic C,available P,proportion of organic P in the total P,proportion of active organic P in the organic P and proportion of Ca_(2)-P in the total P.The contents of organic P,Ca_(2)-P,Al-P and available P were significantly correlated with the contents of organic carbon.The results showed that the root uptake of P from deep soil,the return of dead leaves to the surface and migration of surface runoff were the main driving forces for the spatial differences of soil P in natural forest land.

关 键 词：天然林地 土壤 磷形态 垂直分布 地形部位 有机磷 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]