花穗修整长度对‘夏黑’葡萄果实品质的影响  

Effects of Different Spike Trimming Length on Fruit Quality of ‘Summer Black’ Grape

作　　者：唐忠建[1] 张金枝[1] 王晓梅 徐文杰 付雅洁 赵明艳 吴如意 樊雯娟 张杰 TANG Zhongjian;ZHANG Jinzhi;WANG Xiaomei;XU Wenjie;FU Yajie;ZHAO Mingyan;WU Ruyi;FAN Wenjuan;ZHANG Jie(Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical College,Changji,Xinjiang 831100;Agricultural and Livestock Products Quality and Safety Inspection Testing Center of Changji City,Changji,Xinjiang 831100;Xinjiang Jiadu Agricultural Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830011)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业职业技术学院,新疆昌吉831100 [2]昌吉市农畜产品质量安全检验检测中心,新疆昌吉831100 [3]新疆佳都农业科技有限责任公司,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第7期34-39,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区第一批三农骨干人才项目“有机葡萄标准化生产技术示范与推广”(2022SNGGNT101);新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅科技特派员项目“鲜食葡萄提质增效关键技术研究与示范推广”(2022bkf181)。

摘　　要：根据‘夏黑’葡萄特性研究管理花果的关键技术措施,在盛果期的‘夏黑’葡萄树上设置花穗修整0(CK)、5、6、7、8 cm 5个长度,并在花前花后进行2次不同浓度的赤霉素和氯吡脲蘸穗处理,在盛花期测定果穗长度;在成熟期测定果穗长度、果穗宽度、果梗长度、果蒂粗度、果粒纵横经及果形指数、果皮色泽8个指标评价外观品质,测定果穗重、果粒重2个指标估算产量,测定果实可溶性固形物、可溶性还原糖、可滴定酸含量3个指标评价果实内在品质。结果表明,随着处理花穗长度增加,盛花期果穗长度和成熟期果穗长度、果穗宽度、果穗重增加,但果粒重、花穗修整与蘸穗用工时间降低;成熟期果实可溶性固形物、可溶性还原糖、可滴定酸含量随花穗长度增加而增加。与CK相比,花穗修整处理的果穗串行与品相普遍表现更好。结合果穗内外品质表现,认为7 cm是‘夏黑’葡萄较好的修整长度;花穗保留7 cm修整结合25 mg/kg赤霉素、50 mg/kg赤霉素+5 mg/kg氯吡脲蘸穗处理能够增加‘夏黑’葡萄穗轴,果粒变大均匀、质量增加,果皮紫黑色,果穗串行美观,品相变好;果实含糖量增加,滴定酸减少,糖酸比降低,内在品质变好。花穗修整用工成本与‘夏黑’葡萄早上市及品质产量提升带来的效益相比是可以忽略不计的。According to the characteristics of 'Summer Black' grape,the key technical measures for the management of flowers and fruits were studied.5 flower thinning lengths of 0(CK),5,6,7,8 cm were set during the peak fruiting period and two dipping treatments with different concentrations of gibberellin and chlorpyramide were performed.We measured the length of the fruit during the peak flowering period,evaluated the appearance quality by measuring 8 indicators,including ear length,ear width,stem length,stem thickness,grain longitudinal and transverse longitude,fruit shape index,and peel color during the mature stage.Two indicators of ear weight and grain weight were measured to estimate yield,and three indicators of soluble solids,soluble reducing sugars,and titratable acids in fruits were measured to evaluate fruit quality.The results showed that the length,width,and weight of the fruit increased during the peak flowering and mature periods with the increase of the length of the treated panicles,but the weight of the fruit grain and time for flower trimming and dipping were decreased;the content of soluble solids,soluble reducing sugars,and titratable acids in mature fruit increased with the increase of length of the flower spikes.Compared with CK,the ear serial and appearance of the flower ear trimming treatment generally performed better.Based on fruit quality,7 cm was considered as optimal flower thinning length.The 7 cm flower thinning treatment combining with 25 mg/kg gibberellin,50 mg/kg gibberellin,and 5 mg/kg chlorpyramide dipping treatments had the best performance on fruit spike and grains,increased fruit quality and appearance,soluble solids content,soluble sugars,and decreased titratable acids.The labor cost of flower trimming can be ignored compared to the benefits brought by the early marketing and quality and yield improvement of‘Summer Black'grape.

关 键 词：‘夏黑’葡萄 花穗长度 生长调节剂 赤霉素 氯吡脲 蘸穗处理 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]