一次性施用氮肥对芍药生长及光合特性的影响  

Effects of One-time Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Paeonia lactiflora

作　　者：王鑫[1] 张欣欣 米明 李硕[1] 李好健 马海林[2] 司东霞[1] WANG Xin;ZHANG Xinxin;MI Ming;LI Shuo;LI Haojian;MA Hailin;SI Dongxia(College of Agriculture and Biology,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng,Shandong 252059;Institute of Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Forest,Jinan 250014)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学农业与生物学院,山东聊城252059 [2]山东省林业科学研究院资源与环境研究所,济南250014

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第7期61-66,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：山东省农业良种工程项目“牡丹、芍药突破性新品种选育”(2020LZGC011);聊城大学风景园林学科建设基金(319462212)。

摘　　要：通过盆栽培养试验,以3年生芍药品种‘黑海波涛’为供试植物,设置3个氮肥水平(0、1.8、3 g/株),研究芍药植株生长和光合特性对茎叶生长期一次性施用氮肥的响应,为芍药养分管理提供理论基础。结果表明,与不施氮处理相比,施氮1.8 g/株可显著增加花径、植株根长和根系体积,提高地下部干物质累积量和分配比例,增大根冠比,对地上部株高、茎粗和干物质累积量的影响未达显著水平;一次性施氮3 g/株植株地上部和地下部生长均受到抑制;施氮处理的植株净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度显著提高,胞间CO——2浓度降低;氮肥施用对地上部和地下部氮浓度影响不显著,施氮1.8 g/株可显著增加地上部和地下部氮素吸收量及氮素在地下部的分配比例。综上,芍药茎叶生长期一次性施用适量氮肥有利于增大花径、提高芍药的观赏价值、促进根系生长发育,过量施氮抑制植株生长。To clarify the effects of one-time application of nitrogen(N) fertilizer on the growth of Paeonia lactiflora,and provide a theoretical basis for its nutrient management,three N levels(0,1.8,3 g/plant) were set up to study the response of growth and photosynthetic characteristics of P.lactiflora‘Heihaibotao'to the onetime application of N fertilizer in stem-leaf growth period by a pot culture experiment.The results showed that compared with the 0 N application treatment,1.8 g/plant N application could significantly increase the flower diameter,root length,and root volume,promote the accumulation and distribution ratio of dry matter in the above-ground part,and increase the root-shoot ratio,while the effects of N application on plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation in the above-ground part did not reach a significant level.The growth of above-and under-ground parts was inhibited by one-time N application of 3 g/plant.N application significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of plants,and decreased the intercellular CO2concentration.N application had no significant effect on N concentration in above-and under-ground parts and 1.8 g/plant N application significantly increased N uptake in above-and under-ground parts and N distribution ratio in under-ground parts.In conclusion,the one-time application of appropriate N fertilizer during the stem-leaf growth period of P.lactiflora is beneficial to increasing flower diameter,improving the ornamental value,and promoting root growth and development.However,excessive N application inhibits the growth of plants.

关 键 词：芍药 氮肥 根系 生长特性 光合特性 干物质 养分吸收 养分管理 根冠比 

分 类 号：S682.1[农业科学—观赏园艺]