茶树叶片对干旱胁迫的生理响应  

Physiological Response of Tea Tree Leaves to Drought Stress

作　　者：周波[1] 唐劲驰[1] 黎健龙[1] 陈义勇 张曼 崔莹莹 黄秀鑫 ZHOU Bo;TANG Jinchi;LI Jianlong;CHEN Yiyong;ZHANG Man;CUI Yingying;HUANG Xiuxin(Tea Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization,Guangzhou 510640;Tea Research Institute of Meizhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Meizhou,Guangdong 514000)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所/广东省茶树资源创新利用重点实验室,广州510640 [2]梅州市农林科学院茶叶研究所,广东梅州514000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第7期67-74,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目“客家炒青绿茶特征‘炒米香’关键呈香物质及其形成机制研究”(2022A1515011216);梅州市科技计划项目“夏秋季茶园精准管控与多茶类加工技术研究示范”(2021A0305004)。

摘　　要：干旱胁迫直接影响茶树生长和存活,了解不同茶树的抗旱能力,对茶园土壤水分管理至关重要。选取‘金萱’、‘青心1号’、‘英红9号’、‘黄棪’和‘鸿雁12号’5个茶树品种,设置正常供水(T0)、轻度(T1)、中度(T2)、重度干旱胁迫(T3)4个水平,土壤含水量依次为田间持水量的75%、55%、35%、20%,研究不同抗旱能力茶树品种对干旱胁迫的生理响应过程。通过对干旱胁迫下形态学和光合能力相关指标的比较,从5个茶树品种中筛选出2个抗旱型品种(‘青心1号’和‘黄棪’)和2个干旱敏感型品种(‘英红9号’和‘鸿雁12号’)。在正常供水条件下,抗旱型茶树品种保护酶活性、内源激素和渗透调节物质含量不一定高于干旱敏感型茶树品种;在干旱胁迫下,干旱敏感型品种的保护酶活性、内源激素和渗透调节物质含量也会有一定程度的升高,但其升高幅度一般小于抗旱型品种,并且干旱敏感型茶树的最大增幅多出现在轻度干旱胁迫时,而抗旱型茶树品种的最大增幅多出现在中、重度干旱胁迫时。因此,在干旱胁迫下茶树保护酶活性、内源激素和渗透调节物质含量等生理响应的变化量及变化时机能在一定程度上反映茶树的实际抗旱能力。Drought stress directly affects the growth and survival of tea tree.Therefore,understanding the drought tolerance of different tea plants is essential for soil moisture management in tea plantations.In this paper,five tea plant varieties,‘Jinxuan’,‘Qingxin 1’,‘Yinghong 9’,‘Huangdan’ and‘Hongyan 12’,were selected,and four levels of normal water supply(T_0),mild drought stress(T_1),moderate drought stress(T_2) and severe drought stress(T_3) were set,and the soil water content was 75%,55%,35% and 20% of the water holding capacity in the field,respectively.The physiological response of tea plant varieties with different drought resistance to drought stress was investigated.Two drought-resistant varieties(‘Qingxin1’ and‘Huangdan’ ) and two drought-sensitive varieties(‘Yinghong 9’ and‘Hongyan 12’ ) were screened out from five tea tree varieties by comparing the relevant indexes of morphology and photosynthetic capacity under drought stress.It could be seen that under normal water supply conditions,the content of protective enzyme activities,endogenous hormones and osmoregulatory substances of drought-resistant tea tree varieties was not necessarily higher than that of drought-sensitive tea plant varieties.Under drought stress,the protective enzyme activities,endogenous hormones and osmoregulatory substance contents of sensitive varieties would also be elevated to a certain extent,but the magnitude of their elevation was generally smaller than that of drought-resistant varieties,and the maximum increase of drought-sensitive tea trees mostly appeared in mild drought stress,whereas that of drought-resistant tea tree varieties mostly appeared in moderate and severe drought stress.Therefore,the amount and timing of changes in physiological responses such as protective enzyme activities,endogenous hormones and osmoregulatory substance contents of tea plants under drought stress can reflect the actual drought tolerance ability of tea plants to some extent.

关 键 词：干旱胁迫 茶叶品种 抗旱能力 保护酶 生理响应 内源激素 渗透调节物质 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]