16份枳及枳橙种质资源的开花生物学特性研究  

Study on Flowering Biological Characteristics of 16 Trifoliate Orange and Citrange Germplasms

作　　者：陈玲[1,2] 阳灿 周耀武 彭淼 王婷婷[1,2] 易春 贾雨诗 周铁 李菲菲[2,5] CHEN Ling;YANG Can;ZHOU Yaowu;PENG Miao;WANG Tingting;YI Chun;JIA Yushi;ZHOU Tie;LI Feifei(College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128;Yuelushan Laboratory,Changsha 410128;Citrus Science Research Institute of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Jishou,Hunan 416000;Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Shimen County,Changde,Hunan 415300;Hunan Horticultural Research Institute,Changsha 410125)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺学院,长沙410128 [2]岳麓山实验室,长沙410128 [3]湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州柑桔科学研究所,湖南吉首416000 [4]湖南省常德市石门县农业农村局,湖南石门415300 [5]湖南省园艺研究所,长沙410125

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第7期84-92,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“柑橘砧木‘枳10’矮化的分子机制解析”(32102313);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-26)。

摘　　要：系统了解16份柑橘砧木资源枳及枳橙的开花生物学特性,为砧木种质创制及新品种选育提供参考。以收集的16份枳及枳橙资源为材料,观察其物候期,并比较花苞颜色、花瓣数、花瓣横纵径、花药数、花丝数、花丝颜色、柱头数等花器官特征,同时利用光学显微镜和离体萌发法测量花粉量、花粉粒大小、花粉活力和花粉萌发力,最后采用加权隶属函数法对其开花生物学特性进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)枳和多数枳橙资源为落叶型乔木,枳橙直立树型较多且物候期稍晚于枳。枳和枳橙均以淡紫色花丝为主,多数花药数和花丝数为20~24个,但枳的花瓣普遍比枳橙小;(2)枳与枳橙资源的花粉活力、花粉量和花粉粒大小均存在显著差异。枳资源的花粉染色活力和花粉萌发率在整体上显著高于枳橙资源;(3)利用加权隶属函数法综合性评价筛选出普通小叶枳、M-3枳和大庸3号枳橙等有较好花粉育性的砧木资源。研究结果可为砧木资源评价及其利用砧木资源开展柑橘属种间/种内杂交育种、创制柑橘砧木新种质提供参考。This study aims to systematically understand the flowering biological characteristics of 16 citrus rootstock resources,including trifoliate orange and citrange,and to provide references for rootstock germplasm creation and new variety breeding.16 collected trifoliate orange and citrange resources were used as materials.The phenological stages were observed,and the characteristics of floral organs,including bud color,petal number,petal length and width,anther number,filament number,filament color,and stigma number,were compared.Additionally,pollen quantity,pollen grain size,pollen viability,and pollen germination ability were measured using an optical microscope and in vitro pollen germination method.Finally,a comprehensive evaluation of flowering biological characteristics was conducted using the weighted membership function method.(1) The results showed that trifoliate oranges and most of citrange resources were deciduous trees.Citrange trees exhibited a more erect growth habits and reached phenological stages slightly later than trifoliate oranges.Both trifoliate oranges and citrange primarily exhibited pale purple filaments,with most specimens having 20-24 anthers and filaments.However,the petals of trifoliate oranges were generally smaller than those of citrange.(2) Significant differences existed between trifoliate oranges and citrange in terms of pollen viability,pollen quantity,and pollen grain size.Trifoliate oranges generally exhibited higher pollen staining vitality and pollen germination rates compared to citrange.(3) Utilizing the weighted membership function method,trifoliate oranges such as common small-leaf trifoliate orange,M-3 and citrange Dayong No.3 were identified as rootstocks with superior pollen fertility.These results provide reference for evaluating and utilizing rootstock resources,as well as for interspecific and intraspecific hybridization breeding within the citrus genus to create new citrus rootstock germplasm.

关 键 词：柑橘砧木 枳 枳橙 物候期 花器官特征 花粉育性 评价 加权隶属函数法 

分 类 号：S666.9[农业科学—果树学]