多营养层级综合养殖模式的应用现状及展望  

Application Status and Prospect of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture Model

作　　者：吴陈阳 袁野[1] 陈晓鹏 林伟坤 林喜强 郑怀平[1] 马洪雨 WU Chenyang;YUAN Ye;CHEN Xiaopeng;LIN Weikun;LIN Xiqiang;ZHENG Huaiping;MA Hongyu(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology,Shantou University/International Joint Research Center for Development and Utilization of Important Mariculture Varieties Surrounding the South China Sea Region/STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory,Shantou,Guangdong 515063;Fruit Tree and Aquaculture Technology Promotion Station of Shantou City,Shantou,Guangdong 515041;Shantou Dafa Aquaculture Co.,Ltd.,Shantou,Guangdong 515061)

机构地区：[1]汕头大学广东省海洋生物技术重点实验室/汕头大学广东省环南海地区重要海水养殖品种开发利用国际联合研究中心/汕头大学-马来西亚登嘉楼大学虾蟹贝类联合实验室,广东汕头515063 [2]汕头市果树与水产技术推广站,广东汕头515041 [3]汕头市大发水产养殖有限公司,广东汕头515061

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第7期154-164,共11页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：广东省渔业发展支持政策一般性转移支付资金项目“池塘虾蟹贝藻多营养层级综合养殖模式示范”(粤农农函[2022]1144号);广东省科技计划项目“青蟹高产新品系‘两阶段’接力养殖模式示范与推广应用”(2023B0202010024);广东省科技计划项目“虾蟹繁育养殖关键技术创新与示范推广”(KTP20210376);广东省科技创新战略专项项目“青蟹杂交育种与多营养层级养殖示范及推广应用”(STKJ202209029)。

摘　　要：为深入理解多营养层级综合养殖模式(IMTA)在水产养殖业的应用情况,文章梳理了多营养层级综合养殖模式的发展历程;概述了IMTA的主要养殖物种,包括鱼类、甲壳类、双壳类、棘皮类和藻类等;总结了陆基和海洋IMTA,指出淡水和半咸水IMTA是陆基养殖模式的一部分,而海水和近海IMTA属于海洋IMTA;概述了其在养殖环境、能量利用、经济效益和减少废物排放等方面的优势。目前,IMTA在技术实施、生态影响、经济效益以及可持续发展等方面仍存在问题,未来研究应聚焦于各组分生物的相互作用、系统优化及病害防控等方面,以推动水产养殖业的绿色发展。In order to further understand the application of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture(IMTA) in aquaculture industry,the paper sorted out the development history of IMTA,and outlined the main aquaculture species of IMTA,including fishes,crustaceans,bivalves,echinoderms and algae,et al.It summarized landbased and marine IMTA,and pointed out that freshwater and brackish water IMTA were part of the land-based aquaculture models,while seawater and offshore IMTA belonged to marine IMTA.The article also outlined the advantages of IMTA in terms of aquaculture environment,energy utilization,economic benefits,and reduction of waste discharge.At present,IMTA still has problems in the aspects of technical implementation,ecological impacts and sustainable development.Future research should focus on the interactions among different species components,system optimization,and disease control to promote the sustainable development of aquaculture.

关 键 词：多营养层级综合养殖模式 水产养殖 生态理念 可持续发展 养殖物种 

分 类 号：S967.4[农业科学—水产养殖]