播期和密度对‘洛豆1304’生育进程、光合特性、农艺性状、产量及品质的影响  

The Effects of Sowing Date and Density on Growth Process,Photosynthetic Characteristics,Agronomic Traits,Yield,and Quality of‘Luodou 1304’

作　　者：李林 晏云 亢江飞 孟琦翰 方社法 陈颖民 郭建秋 LI Lin;YAN Yun;KANG Jiangfei;MENG Qihan;FANG Shefa;CHEN Yingmin;GUO Jianqiu(Luoyang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Luoyang,Henan 471023)

机构地区：[1]洛阳市农林科学院,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第8期11-18,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：河南省农业农村厅“河南省农业良种联合攻关项目”(2022010304);农业农村部“黄淮海高油高产大豆新品种设计与培育项目”(2023ZD04033)。

摘　　要：为探究洛阳市农林科学院选育的大豆新品种‘洛豆1304’的最适播期和密度,采用裂区试验设计,主区为播期B(B_(1):6月21日、B_(2):7月1日、B_(3):7月11日),副区为密度M(M_(1):13.5万株/hm^(2)、M_(2):18万株/hm^(2)、M_(3):22.5万株/hm^(2)、M_(4):27万株/hm^(2)),分析了播期和密度对‘洛豆1304’生育进程、光合特性、农艺性状、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:推迟播期会缩短‘洛豆1304’的生育进程,播期每推迟10 d,生育期分别缩短4 d和5 d。适期早播会显著提高盛花期、盛荚期净光合速率和蒸腾速率,降低盛花期胞间CO_(2)浓度,减少底荚高,增加百粒重,提升粗蛋白质含量和蛋脂总含量。降低密度会显著增加盛荚期净光合速率,减少盛荚期胞间CO_(2)浓度,增加单株有效分枝、单株有效荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重。播期对产量有较大影响,早播比晚播产量高,B_(1)播期平均产量最高,达到5269.49 kg/hm^(2),显著高于B_(2)、B_(3)播期。密度对产量的影响较小,在B_(1)播期下,不同密度间产量差异不显著,M_(2)、M_(3)和M_(4)密度下产量均较高,分别达到5249.45 kg/hm^(2)、5219.68 kg/hm^(2)和5683.21 kg/hm^(2)。研究发现,密度对产量的影响小于播期对产量的影响,‘洛豆1304’最适宜播期为6月21日,适宜密度为18万~27万株/hm^(2)。研究旨在为新品种‘洛豆1304’的示范推广提供理论技术支撑。In order to explore the optimal sowing date and density of the new soybean variety‘Luodou 1304’bred by Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,a split plot experimental design was adopted.The main plot was sowing period B(B_(1):June 21,B_(2):July 1,B_(3):July 11),and the sub plot was density M(M_(1):135000 plants/hm^(2),M_(2):180000 plants/hm^(2),M_(3):225000 plants/hm^(2),M_(4):270000 plants/hm^(2)).The effects of sowing period and density on the growth process,photosynthetic characteristics,agronomic traits,yield,and quality of‘Luodou 1304’were analyzed.The results showed that delaying the sowing date would shorten the growth process of‘Luodou 1304’.For every 10 days of sowing delay,the growth period would be shortened by 4 days and 5 days,respectively.Early sowing at the appropriate time could significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate during the peak flowering and pod period,and reduced the intercellular CO_(2)concentration during the peak flowering period;significantly reduced the height of the bottom pod and increased the weight of one hundred seeds;significantly increased crude protein content and total egg fat content.Reducing density would significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate during the peak pod period and significantly reduced the intercellular CO_(2)concentration during the peak pod period;significantly increased effective branching per plant,effective pod number per plant,grain number per plant,and grain weight per plant.The sowing date had a significant impact on yield,with early sowing yielding more than late sowing.The average yield of B_(1)sowing date was the highest,reaching 5269.49 kg/hm^(2),significantly higher than that of B_(2)and B_(3)sowing dates.The effect of density on yield was relatively small.Under the B_(1)sowing period,there was no significant difference in yield between different densities,and the yields under M_(2),M_(3),and M_(4)densities were relatively high,reaching 5249.45 kg/hm^(2),5219.68 kg/hm^(2),and 5683

关 键 词：播期 密度 ‘洛豆1304’ 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]