固体胺吸附剂在直接空气捕集中的研究进展  

Research Progress of Solid Amine Adsorbents for Direct Air Capture

作　　者：袁浩 陈仪 郝林杰 胡准 YUAN Hao;CHEN Yi;HAO Linjie;HU Zhun(Institute of Industrial Catalysis,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Xi′an Jiaotong University,Xi′an 710049,China;Health Science Center,Xi′an Jiaotong University,Xi′an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学化学工程与技术学院工业催化所,陕西西安710049 [2]西安交通大学医学部,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《能源环境保护》2025年第2期16-28,共13页Energy Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题资助项目(2022YFA1604104);陕西省创新能力支撑计划资助项目(2023-CX-TD-26)。

摘　　要：直接空气捕集(Direct Air Capture,DAC)是一项强大的除碳技术,在解决CO_(2)排放问题方面具有巨大的应用潜力,可作为未来实现碳中和的技术支撑。固体胺吸附剂在DAC应用中具有能耗低、布置灵活等优势,是一种潜力巨大的DAC技术途径。从DAC过程的CO_(2)吸附机理出发,重点介绍了4种制备方法所获得固体胺吸附剂在常用胺源、捕集能力、胺效率和循环稳定性等方面的特点。最后简要总结了固体胺吸附剂在DAC发展道路上面临的主要挑战和未来发展方向。开发更好的吸附性能、更低的制备成本是固体胺吸附剂应用的关键问题;将固体胺吸附剂捕集与绿色能源、CO_(2)资源化利用等系统结合,提高装置的商业回报率,有利于推广固体胺吸附剂的规模化应用。未来的固体胺吸附剂研究的重点是开发高效吸附剂和模块化捕集装置。Direct air capture(DAC)technology is a promising carbon removal method with great potential to address CO_(2)emissions and support the achievement of future carbon neutrality.The high selectivity,low energy consumption,and flexibility of solid amine adsorbents make them ideal for DAC applications.The CO_(2)capture capacity of solid amine adsorbents depends on the number of amine groups present on their surface.Primary and secondary amines typically require two amine groups to form a zwitterion,which enables CO_(2)capture via proton transfer.The capture efficiency of both types of amines is improved under humid conditions due to the assistance of water molecules.Tertiary amines are usually not used as sources of amines for solid amine adsorbents.This is due to their inability to transfer protons and their low CO_(2)capture efficiency.Solid amine adsorbents are often classified into four types based on their preparation methods:impregnated amine adsorbents,grafted amine adsorbents,in situ polymerization adsorbents,and composite amine adsorbents.Impregnated amine adsorbents involve directly loading amine groups onto a support material.This method is simple,resulting in a high amine loading,and typically yielding a high CO_(2)capture capacity.However,the weak binding between the amine groups and the support material leads to easy leaching of amine molecule during recycling,resulting in poor material stability.Grafted amine adsorbents utilize silanol groups on mesoporous SiO_(2)(such as MCM-41,SBA-15)to undergo a silanization reaction(grafting reaction)with amino silane reagents,or cross-coupling to attach amine groups.Chemical bonding prevents amine leaching,thereby improving material stability,which is a limitation of impregnated adsorbents.However,grafted amines are typically loaded in a single layer on the support,resulting in a lower loading capacity compared to impregnation and a relatively lower CO_(2)capture capacity.In situ polymerization involves fixing polymeric amine groups to the support material via cova

关 键 词：直接空气捕集 除碳技术 固体胺吸附剂 吸附机理 工程应用 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]