生活垃圾焚烧全过程二噁英防治技术研究进展  

Research Progress on Dioxin Prevention and Control Technologies in the Entire Process of Domestic Waste Incineration

作　　者：马永怡 李倩倩[1,2] 孙博华 孟晶 史斌[1,2] 孙阳昭 苏贵金 MA Yongyi;LI Qianqian;SUN Bohua;MENG Jing;SHI Bin;SUN Yangzhao;SU Guijin(Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100035,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]生态环境部对外合作与交流中心,北京100035

出　　处：《能源环境保护》2025年第2期44-55,共12页Energy Environmental Protection

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项资助项目(XDB0750400);国家自然科学基金资助项目(22376210)。

摘　　要：生活垃圾焚烧中的二噁英防治对固体废弃物无害化处理起到至关重要的作用。系统总结了生活垃圾焚烧过程中二噁英的生成机理,并明确氯源、碳源、金属、氧气和温度等是关键影响因素。聚焦源头垃圾配伍调质、焚烧过程污染控制和烟气飞灰末端治理3个阶段,重点阐述了二噁英减排技术及其原理,提出了生活垃圾焚烧全过程二噁英防治策略。通过入炉垃圾筛分与工业固废掺烧,可以减少氯源和金属的含量,并提高其热值,从源头减少二噁英的生成。优化“3T+E”(焚烧温度、停留时间、湍流强度和过量空气)焚烧条件,可以减少不完全燃烧产物的生成。通过使用阻滞剂钝化活性金属、消耗氯源和抑制前驱体合成以实现二噁英生成过程的控制。活性炭吸附技术可以有效减少烟气中的二噁英含量,催化降解技术不仅能彻底破坏二噁英结构,还可以实现多污染物的协同治理。另外,热处理技术可以高效去除飞灰中的二噁英。对于上述控制技术,系统总结其优缺点和技术成熟度,并提出了当前的研究挑战和未来的研究方向,为焚烧过程中二噁英控制技术的发展及产业化应用提供参考。The prevention and control of dioxin formation during domestic waste incineration plays a crucial role in the harmless disposal of solid waste.This paper systematically summarizes three mechanisms of dioxin formation during the entire incineration process under high-temperature and lowtemperature conditions:high-temperature homogeneous synthesis,precursor synthesis,and de novo synthesis,identifying chlorine sources,carbon sources,metals,oxygen,and temperature as key influencing factors.This study focuses on three main stages of domestic waste management,including collection,incineration,and waste disposal,and elaborates on various dioxin reduction technologies applicable to each stage,including waste source blending and conditioning,pollution control during incineration,and end-of-pipe treatment of flue gas and fly ash.The fundamental principles and simple operational methods of each technology are elucidated,and strategies for dioxin prevention throughout the entire domestic waste incineration process are proposed.By screening incoming waste and cocombustion with selected industrial solid waste,the contents of chlorine sources and metals can be reduced,while improving the calorific value,thus reducing dioxin formation at the source.Products of incomplete combustion from domestic waste can generate dioxins through precursor synthesis.Optimizing"3T+E"(Temperature,Time,Turbulence,and Excess-Air)combustion conditions can minimize the generation of products of incomplete combustion,thereby preventing dioxin formation during incineration.The use of inhibitors can control dioxin formation through three mechanisms:passivating reactive metals,consuming chlorine sources,and inhibiting precursor synthesis.Currently,common types of inhibitors include sulfur-and nitrogen-based inhibitors,phosphorus-based inhibitors,and alkaline inhibitors.Dioxins generated during incineration primarily exist in flue gas and fly ash.Various technologies have been developed to adsorb and degrade dioxins in flue gas,preventing them from enterin

关 键 词：生活垃圾焚烧 二噁英防治 生成机理 全过程控制 烟气治理 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]