报废光伏组件处理处置现状与发展趋势  

Current Situation and Development Trend of End-of-life Photovoltaic Module Treatment and Disposal

作　　者：周世发 胡广 李朝阳 邹庆芳 张志明 段华波 梁莎[1] 杨家宽[1] ZHOU Shifa;HU Guang;LI Zhaoyang;ZOU Qingfang;ZHANG Zhiming;DUAN Huabo;LIANG Sha;YANG Jiakuan(Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin,School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST),Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]长江流域多介质污染协同控制湖北省重点实验室,华中科技大学环境科学与工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《能源环境保护》2025年第2期56-69,共14页Energy Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点基金资助项目(52330004);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFC3902802)。

摘　　要：太阳能等清洁能源是实现双碳目标的重要举措。截至2023年底,我国太阳能累计光伏装机量已达609 GW,预计到2050年将增至约5000 GW。相应地,报废太阳能光伏组件的数量预计从目前约2.6万t增至2050年1500万t以上,其回收处理已成为制约产业可持续发展的关键因素之一。基于文献分析并结合实验研究,对太阳能光伏技术和产业发展、报废组件产生特性及回收处理处置技术进行了深入分析和比较研究,涵盖了从传统晶硅组件到以钙钛矿为主的新型薄膜太阳能电池组件,综述了光伏组件的回收利用和处理处置以及未来的发展前景。同时,探究了各种废弃光伏组件中特征污染物和元素的控制策略,并提出了报废组件回收处理与污染控制技术的发展方向。总体而言,光伏组件废弃物材料特性复杂,组分多样,具有一定的资源化价值,但回收处理成本较高。为实现高价值的回收,需要对废弃光伏组件进行适当的预处理,如采用分层处理方式使得各组分有效分离。在深度资源化与污染控制方面,仍需提高回收与处理处置方法的效率和适用性,建立相应的回收处理技术和产品标准,并加强政策扶持力度。为推动光伏产业发展、报废光伏组件的回收处理技术研究和产业实践提供参考。The adoption of clean energy,particularly solar energy,serves as a critical measure for achieving the dual-carbon goals.By the end of 2023,China′s cumulative installed solar capacity had reached 609 GW,with projections indicating a rise to approximately 5000 GW by 2050.Consequently,the volume of decommissioned solar photovoltaic(PV)modules is expected to surge from 26000 tons to over 15 million tons by 2050.The recycling and disposal of these modules is a pivotal challenge for sustainable development in the solar energy industry.This study conducts a comprehensive analysis and comparative assessment based on literature reviews and experimental research,addressing the technological advancements and industrial expansion of solar PV systems,the generation characteristics of end-of-life PV modules,and recycling and processing technologies.The scope encompasses traditional crystalline silicon PV modules and emerging thin-film solar modules,particularly those dominated by perovskite-based technologies.This paper systematically reviews the recycling,disposal,and future prospects of PV modules.Among existing technologies,crystalline silicon solar cells are the most extensively researched and widely deployed,followed by thin-film solar cells,which have a relatively smaller market share.Meanwhile,emerging solar cell technologies,characterized by lower material costs and energy demands,have made significant progress in recent years.Furthermore,the study investigates control strategies for characteristic pollutants and critical elements in various waste PV modules,and proposes developmental directions for recycling technologies and pollution control methodologies for end-of-life PV modules.Findings reveal that PV module waste continues to be managed as conventional solid waste,despite its complex material composition and multi-component nature.These modules possess significant resource recovery potential,but their recycling processes face challenges such as high costs and low utilization rates.To achieve high-value recycli

关 键 词：太阳能电池 钙钛矿 报废光伏组件 回收处理 新能源固废 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]