锂云母矿废渣资源化技术研究进展  

Advances in Resourceful Recycling Technology of Lepidolite Tailings

作　　者：彭川 胡学军 赵晶 余晓龙 张俊丰 PENG Chuan;HU Xuejun;ZHAO Jing;YU Xiaolong;ZHANG Junfeng(College of Environment and Resources,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学环境与资源学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《能源环境保护》2025年第2期70-82,共13页Energy Environmental Protection

基　　金：郴州国家可持续发展议程创新示范区建设专项资助项目(2022sfq58);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52070159)。

摘　　要：锂云母是一种重要的含锂矿物资源,在其开采利用过程中会产生大量的废石和尾矿,达到150~200 t/t碳酸锂,其中的金属元素在废渣堆放、浸出和渗滤过程中,可能会进入地下水、土壤和大气环境,对生态系统和人居环境健康造成危害。因此,对这些固体废物进行安全处置与资源化利用是锂云母开发利用的必要保障。然而,当前处理锂云母废渣主要存在一些问题,包括低效率、低价值和分散性利用。此外,不同地区的锂云母废渣性质存在较大差异,综合利用率较低,难以达到减污降碳和保障生态环境的要求。基于此,介绍了当前锂云母矿废渣资源化主要技术,梳理了高值元素提取、建材化利用和绿色回填等三大处理途径,主要通过酸法、焙烧法、压煮法等破坏锂云母的稳定结构,暴露其中的活性金属,从而实现高值元素的提取。环境友好型氯化焙烧法在减少氯化剂用量的同时,实现了锂、钾、铷和铯的高效提取。废渣中的石英和长石组分具备建筑材料原料或掺和配料的特性,可用于制备水泥、混凝土、陶瓷和地聚合物等建筑材料。利用锂矿废渣制备的水泥复合材料表现出良好的机械性能。结合锂矿废渣与胶凝材料制备绿色填充材料的作用机制,提高其力学性能以及流动性。对锂云母矿渣实现高值化应用进行了展望,以期推动锂云母矿废渣资源化技术的广泛应用和产业化发展。Lepidolite is a significant lithium-rich mineral deposit.During the extraction process of lithium carbonate,substantial quantities of lepidolite tailings are generated as a byproduct.The extraction of one ton of lithium carbonate generates approximately 150-200 tons of lepidolite tailings.The accumulation,leaching,and seepage of these lepidolite tailings may result in the migration of metal elements into groundwater,soil,and the atmosphere,posing potential risks to the ecological system and human health.The proper management and efficient utilization of lepidolite tailings are essential prerequisites for the development and utilization of lithium mica resources.Currently,the management of lepidolite tailings faces challenges related to inefficiency,low economic value,and fragmented utilization practices.The characteristics of lepidolite tailings vary significantly across different regions,resulting in a low overall utilization rate that fails to meet the practical needs of pollution reduction,carbon mitigation,and ecological preservation.Therefore,this study outlines the primary technologies employed for repurposing lepidolite tailings,categorizing them into three treatment strategies:extraction of valuable elements,utilization in construction materials,and environmentally friendly backfilling.The stable molecular structure of lepidolite can be destroyed by acid leaching,roasting,and autoclave methods,leading to the exposure of active metals within the mineral for the extraction of valuable elements.The environmentally sustainable chlorination roasting technique has the potential to minimize the quantity of chlorinating agents required while facilitating the effective extraction of lithium,potassium,rubidium,and cesium.Utilizing a thermal activation-acid leaching method,the extraction efficiency of lithium can be enhanced to 99.79%.The lepidolite tailings containing quartz and feldspar can serve as viable raw materials or additives in the production of various construction materials,including but not limited to c

关 键 词：锂云母尾矿 资源化利用 高值化利用 高值元素提取 建材 绿色回填 废渣处理 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]