磷掺杂氮化硼气凝胶制备及其重金属离子吸附特性研究  

Preparation of Phosphorus-Doped Boron Nitride Aerogel and Its Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption Properties

作　　者：张峻中 刘铮 刘博 李彦龙 ZHANG Junzhong;LIU Zheng;LIU Bo;LI Yanlong(School of Energy and Environment,Shenyang University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Shenyang 110136,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳航空航天大学能源与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110136

出　　处：《能源环境保护》2025年第2期161-169,共9页Energy Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52376121)。

摘　　要：基于溶胶-凝胶法和低维氮化硼(BN)组装法,成功制备了氮化硼气凝胶(BN_(aerogel))和磷掺杂氮化硼气凝胶(P-BN_(aerogel)),并将其应用于废水中重金属离子的处理。研究结果表明:P-BN_(aerogel)具有较大的比表面积(465.4 m^(2)/g),引入P后,P-BN_(aerogel)表面新增了P—O—C和P—O基团,使重金属离子能够与吸附剂更稳定地结合。2种气凝胶的最佳吸附温度均为25℃;与BN_(aerogel)相比,P-BN_(aerogel)的吸附速率提高了13.0%,对Cu^(2+)的吸附能力提升了14.4%;P-BN_(aerogel)对Zn^(2+)、Cu^(2+)、Cd^(2+)和Pb^(2+)的最大吸附量分别为338.5、413.3、253.9和234.8 mg/g,其吸附过程以化学吸附主导,同时具备物理吸附的表面单层吸附特性;在混合重金属溶液中,BN_(aerogel)和P-BN_(aerogel)对于Cu^(2+)的去除效率最高,且P-BN_(aerogel)对Cu^(2+)具有一定的选择吸附性。得益于P掺杂提供稳定的配位环境和更多的吸附位点,P-BN_(aerogel)对各重金属的去除率均高于BN_(aerogel)。此外,P-BN_(aerogel)具有超轻密度和可控结构的特点,使其应用范围更加广泛,更具经济优势。This study developed phosphorus-doped boron nitride aerogel(P-BN_(aerogel))through a sol-gel method combined with low-dimensional boron nitride(BN)assembly,aiming to address the critical challenge of removing heavy metal ions in industrial wastewater.Structural characterization using Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and synchrotron X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS)demonstrated that phosphorus doping introduced P—O—C and P—O functional groups,increased the interlayer spacing of BN from 0.334 nm to 0.347 nm,and enhanced mesopore volume by 32.7%.Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms further revealed a specific surface area of 465.4 m^(2)/g and an ultralight bulk density of 0.80 mg/cm^(3),significantly lower than that of the undoped BN_(aerogel)(1.24 mg/cm^(3)).Adsorption experiments conducted at 25℃showed that P-BN_(aerogel) exhibited a Cu^(2+)adsorption capacity of 413.3 mg/g,outperforming BN_(aerogel) by 14.4%,with maximum capacities for Zn^(2+),Cd^(2+),and Pb^(2+)reaching 338.5,253.9,and 234.8 mg/g,respectively.Kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics(R2>0.985)for P-BN_(aerogel),driven by chemisorption via coordination bonds between metal ions and P=O groups,whereas BN_(aerogel) adhered to pseudo-first-order kinetics(R2>0.996),indicative of physical adsorption.The Langmuir isotherm models(R2>0.990)confirmed monolayer adsorption in both materials.Competitive adsorption tests in mixed solutions highlighted the selectivity of P-BN_(aerogel) for Cu^(2+),with a selectivity coefficientα(Cu/Pb)of 2.17,which was attributed to d-orbital electron interactions between Cu^(2+)and P—O groups.Thermodynamic studies identified 25℃as the optimal temperature,beyond which the adsorption capacity decreased due to accelerated desorption kinetics.The superior adsorption performance of PBN_(aerogel) was attributed to three synergistic effects:(1)phosphorus-induced active sites accelerating surface reactions,(2)optimized mesoporous structure(average pore size red

关 键 词：氮化硼 磷掺杂 气凝胶 重金属离子 吸附性能 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]