城市生活垃圾气化及灰渣结渣特性研究  

Study on Municipal Solid Waste Gasification and Ash Residue Slagging Characteristics

作　　者：杨若辰 姜磊 佟灿 宋丽 岳佳鑫 张雄 廖玮 邵敬爱[1,3] 杨海平 张世红[1] 陈汉平 YANG Ruochen;JIANG Lei;TONG Can;SONG Li;YUE Jiaxin;ZHANG Xiong;LIAO Wei;SHAO Jing′ai;YANG Haiping;ZHANG Shihong;CHEN Hanping(State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion,School of Energy and Power Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China;Beijing Huayuhuihuang Eco-Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100000,China;Department of New Energy Science and Engineering,School of Energy and Power Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院煤燃烧与低碳利用全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430074 [2]北京华宇辉煌生态环保科技股份有限公司,北京100000 [3]华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院新能源科学与工程系,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《能源环境保护》2025年第2期170-181,共12页Energy Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51976075,52176187)。

摘　　要：随着中国城市化进程的推进,城市生活垃圾(Municipal Solid Waste,MSW)的清运量逐年上升。MSW气化技术因其处理量大、经济附加值高、污染物排放水平低等优势而受到广泛关注。基于此,通过固定床反应器探究了反应温度和当量比(Equivalence Ratio,ER)对MSW气化过程及焦油生成特性的影响规律,研究了不同气化条件下垃圾气化灰渣的结渣倾向以及熔融过程。结果表明,气化温度的升高能够促进MSW分解和焦油的裂解,从而提高了产气率和气化气热值。ER的升高能够在促进焦油转化为醛、酮、酸的同时提升气化气热值,但ER过高会导致含碳气体的氧化,致使气化气热值降低。综合来看,当气化温度为700℃、ER为0.3时,气化气热值达到最大,约为23.51 MJ/Nm^(3),同时该条件下气体产率显著提高,而焦油的生成量处在较低水平。X射线荧光光谱和灰熔点分析显示,MSW气化灰渣的主要成分是SiO_(2)、Al_(2)O_(3)和CaO,灰渣的半球温度(THT)和流动温度(TFT)随ER的升高而升高。在多种工况下,由于灰渣中碱性氧化物的影响,MSW气化灰渣表现出严重的结渣倾向,通过调整MSW原料配比或添加SiO_(2)、Al_(2)O_(3)等添加剂可以有效缓解MSW灰渣结渣情况,改善气化炉长期运行环境。With China's urbanization advancing,the annual volume of municipal solid waste(MSW)collection continues to rise.MSW gasification has gained significant attention due to its large processing capacity,economic benefits,and low pollutant emissions.This study systematically investigates the effects of reaction temperature and equivalence ratio(ER)on MSW gasification using a fixed-bed reactor,focusing on syngas composition,tar formation characteristics,and slagging behavior of gasification ash.Additionally,the transformation of tar compounds and the fusion properties of gasification ash under varying conditions are explored.Experimental results show that increasing the gasification temperature enhances MSW decomposition and tar cracking,leading to higher syngas yield and calorific value.As ER increases from 0 to 0.3,tar conversion into oxygenated compounds such as aldehydes,ketones,and acids is promoted,significantly improving syngas calorific value.However,when ER exceeds 0.3,excessive oxidation of CO and H_(2) reduces syngas quality and calorific value.At an optimal temperature of 700℃and ER of 0.3,the highest syngas calorific value of about 23.51 MJ/Nm^(3)is achieved,with increased gas yield and reduced tar formation.X-ray fluorescence(XRF)spectroscopy and ash fusion analysis indicate that MSW gasification ash primarily consists of SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),and CaO.As ER increases,the hemispherical temperature(THT)and flow temperature(TFT)of the ash rise,suggesting a decrease in slagging propensity.However,slagging tendency calculations indicate a significant tendency for slagging under various conditions,posing potential risks to long-term gasifier operation.This issue is attributed to the high content of alkali metal oxides(such as Fe_(2)O_(3)and K2O)in the gasification ash.These oxides react with SiO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3)to form low-melting eutectic compounds,reducing ash viscosity and increasing adhesion,thus exacerbating slagging at high temperatures.The study further highlights that gasification ash composition is h

关 键 词：城市生活垃圾 气化 灰渣 熔融特性 反应温度 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]