“嫦娥六号”立方星轨道确定及演化分析  

Orbit Determination of Chang’E-6 ICUBE-Q CubeSat and Orbit Evolution Analysis

作　　者：孔静[1] 汪赛进[1] 刘少然[1] 马心宇 段成林[1] KONG Jing;WANG Saijin;LIU Shaoran;MA Xinyu;DUAN Chenglin(Beijing Aerospace Control Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航天飞行控制中心,北京100094

出　　处：《深空探测学报(中英文)》2025年第1期15-22,共8页Journal Of Deep Space Exploration

基　　金：民用航天预研项目(kjsp2023020104)。

摘　　要：以“嫦娥六号”任务搭载的巴基斯坦立方星为研究对象,系统分析了其轨道特性、力学环境及测量手段,重点探讨了影响轨道变化的主要摄动因素。在缺乏测距和甚长基线干涉测量(Very Long Baseline Interferometry,VLBI)支持的条件下,提出了一种基于三向测速的轨道确定方法,建立了三向测速模型,并对测速误差进行分析;同时,设计了适用于稀疏观测模式的定轨策略,并完成了误差评估。此外,对立方星轨道的长期演化进行了深入分析。研究结果表明:三向多普勒测速残差的均方根误差为2 mm/s,轨道确定的位置精度优于1 km;立方星轨道主要受月球非球形引力摄动和地球质点引力摄动的影响,三体引力在其轨道演化中起到了重要作用。轨道演化预测显示,立方星的近月距离预计于2025年4月缩小至小于月球半径。研究为深空探测任务中的微小卫星轨道确定与演化分析提供了参考。This study focuses on the Pakistan ICUBE-Q CubeSat carried by the Chang’E-6 mission,systematically analyzing its orbital characteristics,dynamic environment,and measurement methods,with particular emphasis on the primary perturbative factors affecting its orbital variations.In the absence of range and Very Long Baseline Interferometry(VLBI)support,a three-way Doppler velocity measurement model was proposed for orbit determination,and the velocity measurement errors were thoroughly analyzed.Additionally,an orbit determination strategy suitable for sparse observation modes was designed,and error assessment was conducted.Furthermore,a detailed analysis of the long-term orbital evolution of the CubeSat was performed.The results indicate that the Root Mean Square(RMS)of the three-way Doppler velocity residuals was 2 mm/s,and the orbit determination accuracy achieved a position precision better than 1 km.The CubeSat’s orbit was primarily influenced by lunar non-spherical gravitational perturbations and Earth’s point-mass gravity,with three-body gravitational effects playing a significant role in its orbital evolution.Orbital evolution predictions reveal that the CubeSat’s perilune distance is expected to decrease to less than the lunar radius by April 2025.This study provides valuable insights into orbit determination and evolution analysis for microsatellites in deep space exploration missions.

关 键 词：嫦娥六号 立方星 轨道确定 轨道摄动 轨道演化 

分 类 号：V412.41[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]