金星-水星探测行星际轨迹优化  

Interplanetary Trajectory Optimization for Venus-Mercury Exploration

作　　者：陈诗雨 黄晓峰[1] 刘雨昂 张正峰[1] CHEN Shiyu;HUANG Xiaofeng;LIU Yuang;ZHANG Zhengfeng(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094

出　　处：《深空探测学报(中英文)》2025年第1期39-49,共11页Journal Of Deep Space Exploration

基　　金：民用航天技术预先研究项目(D050201)。

摘　　要：针对金星-水星探测轨迹优化变量多,难以全局寻优的问题,提出一种分段轨迹优化方法。首先搜索金星-水星转移窗口,降低金星捕获和水星捕获的代价;然后优化地球-金星转移段的金星借力轨迹,得到发射窗口;最后优化金星/水星捕获段的连续多次金星/水星借力轨迹,基于V_(∞)杠杆机动原理,提出表征杠杆机动效率的优化指标,将每次借力后的轨迹单独进行优化,逐步降低金星/水星捕获所需的速度增量。仿真结果表明:通过2次金星借力,地球-金星转移段和金星-水星转移段可实现零速度增量消耗;通过2或3次金星借力和V_(∞)杠杆机动,金星捕获速度增量可减小1.4 km/s;通过4次水星借力和V_(∞)杠杆机动,水星捕获速度增量可减小2.3 km/s。与水星探测轨迹优化相比,该方法通过约束离开金星和到达水星时的V_(∞),可降低金星-水星探测任务整体速度增量。The large number of variables for Venus-Mercury exploration trajectory design results in the difficulty to find the global optimum.Therefore,a segmented optimization method was proposed.Firstly,the Venus-Mercury transfer window was searched to reduce the cost for Venus capture and Mercury capture.Then,the Earth-Venus transfer trajectory with Venus gravity assists was optimized,and the launch window was obtained.Finally,the Venus/Mercury capture trajectory with successive Venus/Mercury gravity assists was optimized.Based on V_(∞)-leveraging maneuver principle,an optimization index of leveraging maneuver efficiency was proposed.The trajectory after each gravity assist was optimized separately so that the velocity increment for Venus/Mercury capture was reduced steadily.The simulation results reveal that the velocity increment for the Earth-Venus transfer segment and the Venus-Mercury transfer segment could be zero when 2 Venus gravity assists were executed.The velocity increment for Venus capture could be reduced by 1.4 km/s when 2 or 3 Venus gravity assists and V_(∞)-leveraging maneuvers were executed.The velocity increment for Mercury capture could be reduced by 2.3 km/s when 4 Mercury gravity assists and V_(∞)-leveraging maneuvers were executed.Compared with trajectory optimization for Mercury exploration,the proposed method can reduce the overall velocity increment for Venus-Mercury exploration by constraining the V_(∞)for departing from Venus and arriving at Mercury.

关 键 词：金星探测 水星探测 轨迹优化 借力 V_∞杠杆机动 

分 类 号：V57[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]