人群暴露高氯酸盐污染及其在饮用水中去除技术:综述  

Population exposure to perchlorate contamination and its removal technologies in drinking water:A review

作　　者：滕俊 张云英 王艳 陈伟 董慧峪[2,4] 许谦 李莉 赵志伟[1] TENG Jun;ZHANG Yunying;WANG Yan;CHEN Wei;DONG Huiyu;XU Qian;LI Li;ZHAO Zhiwei(College of Environment and Ecology,Chongqing University,Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education,Chongqing,400044,China;Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100085,China;Wangzhuang Mine,Lu’an Environmental Protection and and Energy Development Co.,Ltd.,Changzhi,046031,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049,China;Guangxi Nanning Water Co.,Ltd.,Nanning,530029,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学环境与生态学院,三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400044 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,中国科学院饮用水科学与技术重点实验室,北京100085 [3]山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司王庄煤矿,长治046031 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]广西绿城水务股份有限公司,南宁530029

出　　处：《环境化学》2025年第3期777-789,共13页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52070184,52270012);潞安化工集团有限公司科技项目(023AHC02025B);南宁市科学研究与技术开发计划(ZC20223238)资助。

摘　　要：高氯酸盐(perchlorate,ClO_(4)^(−))是一种具有高水溶性、高度扩散性和持久性的有毒污染物质.受自然和人为因素影响,ClO_(4)^(−)存在于大气、土壤、水体等公共环境中,并可通过食物链的传递进入人体.此外,饮水和接触室内外灰尘也是人类暴露于ClO_(4)^(−)的主要途径.因此,ClO_(4)^(−)的广泛存在会对人类健康构成直接或潜在威胁.目前的研究主要集中在ClO_(4)^(−)的检测、暴露风险评估以及其控制去除技术的研发与改进.大多数国家仍尚未确立ClO_(4)^(−)的限量标准,而是借鉴美国及欧盟有关环保部门制订的法规或参考意见.鉴于此,本文对国际上有关ClO_(4)^(−)限量标准的规定进行了归纳分类,以期为形成更全面的环境健康和食品安全标准提供参考.此外,还分别综述了ClO_(4)^(−)在不同暴露途径下(饮用水、食品及室内外灰尘等)的污染现状.最后,讨论了物理化学方法去除水中ClO_(4)^(−)的内在机理与技术难点,由此展望相关技术的应用前景.Perchlorate(ClO_(4)^(−))is a toxic pollutant with high water solubility,high mobility and persistence.Perchlorate is present in atmosphere,soil,water,and other public environments due to natural and human factors,and can enter the human body through the food chain.In addition,drinking water and contacting with indoor and outdoor dust are also the main ways of human exposure to perchlorate.Hence,the presence of perchlorate poses a direct or potential threat to human health.The current researches mainly focus on the detection,assessment of exposure risks,as well as development and refinement of control technology of perchlorate.Most countries have not yet set up the guideline of perchlorate,but referred to the regulations or reference opinions present by the relevant environmental protection departments of the United States and the European Union.Given this,our review compiled and classified the international standard regulations on perchlorate,with a view to providing a reference for the establishment of more comprehensive environmental health and food safety standards.In addition,the pollution status of perchlorate under different exposure ways(i.e.,drinking water,food,as well as indoor and outdoor dust,etc.)was summarized.Finally,the intrinsic mechanism and technical difficulties of physical-chemical treatment technologies for removing ClO_(4)^(−)from water were discussed,and the application prospects of related technologies were prospected.

关 键 词：高氯酸盐 标准规定 污染现状 物理化学处理 人类接触. 

分 类 号：X-1[环境科学与工程] O6[理学—化学]