某铅锌尾矿库周边农田土壤重金属累积特征及特定源风险评估  

Soil heavy metal accumulation characteristics and specific source risk assessment of farmland around a lead-zinc tailings pond

作　　者：马晓红 冯晓倩 邵转玲 武颖颖 杨松 马利邦[1,2] MA Xiaohong;FENG Xiaoqian;SHAO Zhuanling;WU Yingying;YANG Song;MA Libang(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,730070,China;Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Oasis Resources,Environment and Sustainable Development,Lanzhou,730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省绿洲资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《环境化学》2025年第3期949-961,共13页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：甘肃省科技重大专项项目(22ZD6WA057);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(23YFFA0076)资助.

摘　　要：为了探究某铅锌尾矿库及其周边农田土壤重金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn和Hg的累积特征和特定源风险评估,污染评价采用污染负荷指数法,在源解析基础上进行特定源风险评估.结果表明,尾矿库土壤的重金属含量相较于农田土壤显著偏高,污染负荷指数法结果显示,尾矿库土壤总体属于中度污染,农田土壤总体属于轻度污染.PMF模型源解析表明,研究区农田土壤重金属分别受自然源及尾矿库源的混合源、工业降尘源、交通源、农业源和由多种类型活动组成的综合源的影响.特定源-综合生态风险评估结果显示,综合源为优先控制污染源,贡献率为38.37%,Hg为优先控制污染元素.特定源-人体健康风险评估结果显示,农业源是导致当地成人和儿童致癌风险的优先控制污染源,贡献率分别为25.87%和26.92%.As为优先控制污染元素,贡献率为51.79%%和54.70%;综合源是造成当地儿童非致癌风险的优先控制污染源,对儿童的贡献率为25.17%,As为优先控制污染元素,贡献率为43.57%.研究显示研究区土壤存在多种重金属复合污染情况,其中Hg污染最严重,重金属对农田及当地人群存在不同程度的生态风险和健康风险,今后应加强对农业投入品和“三废”的管控,保证农产品质量安全.To investigate the accumulation characteristics of heavy metals(As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn and Hg)in the soil of a lead-zinc tailings pond and its surrounding farmland,and to assess the associated risks from specific sources,the pollution load index was used for pollution evaluation,and a specific source risk assessment was conducted based on source analysis.The results indicated the heavy metal concentrations in the tailings pond soil were significantly higher than those in the farmland soil.The pollution load index results showed that the tailings pond soil was generally moderately polluted,while the farmland soil was mildly polluted.Source analysis using the PMF model revealed that the heavy metals in the farmland soil were influenced by a combination of mixed natural and tailings pond sources,industrial dust deposition,transportation emissions,agricultural activities,and a comprehensive source involving multiple types of activities.The integrated sourcespecific ecological risk assessment indicated that the comprehensive source was the priority pollution control target,contributing 38.37%,with Hg as the priority pollution.The specific source-human health risk assessment identified agricultural sources as the priority control target for carcinogenic risk in adults(25.87%)and children(26.92%),with As as the priority pollutant,contributing 51.79%and 54.70%,respectively.The comprehensive source was identified as the priority control target for non-carcinogenic risk in children(25.17%),with As being the priority pollutant,contributing 43.57%.The study revealed significant mixed heavy metal contamination,with Hg posing the most severe ecological and human health risks.These findings highlight the need for strengthened regulation of agricultural inputs and waste management to ensure the safety and quality of agricultural products.

关 键 词：农田 尾矿库 重金属污染 源解析 生态风险 健康风险. 

分 类 号：X-1[环境科学与工程] O6[理学—化学]