基于多种评估方法的垃圾中转站周边土壤重金属污染及生态风险  

Heavy metal pollution and ecological risk of soil around waste transfer station based on various assessment methods

作　　者：段海静[1,2,3] 任翀 申浩欣 彭超月 王艳锋 刘德新[1,2,3] 王玉龙 马清霞 马建华[1,2,3] DUAN Haijing;REN Chong;SHEN Haoxin;PENG Chaoyue;WANG Yanfeng;LIU Dexin;WANG Yulong;MA Qingxia;MA Jianhua(College of Geography and Environment Science,Henan University,Kaifeng,475004,China;Key Laboratory of Geography Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions,Ministry of Education,Henan University,Kaifeng,475004,China;Engineering Research Center for Control&Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution,Henan University,Kaifeng,475004,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学地理与环境学院,开封475004 [2]河南大学黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室,开封475004 [3]河南大学土壤重金属污染控制与修复工程研究中心,开封475004

出　　处：《环境化学》2025年第3期962-974,共13页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(242102320255,232102320107,242102321077,232102320073);河南省自然科学基金(232300420163);河南省地方标准修订项目(20231210033)资助.

摘　　要：选取我国北方某市内11个垃圾中转站周围土壤为研究对象,分析其Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn和Ni元素含量,基于中国潮土背景值和土壤污染风险筛选值,分别采用内梅罗综合污染指数(NIPI)和改进型内梅罗综合污染指数(INI)评价重金属污染程度,潜在生态风险指数(RI)和改进型潜在生态风险指数(NIRI)评价重金属生态风险.结果表明,研究区Ni、Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn、Cd元素平均含量分别为23.08、26.63、24.08、44.64、97.68、0.32 mg·kg^(−1).NIPI评价结果显示,以中国潮土背景值为参比时,各垃圾中转站总体上为重金属中度污染区;以风险筛选值为参比时,研究区10个垃圾中转站均处于安全无污染的水平,总体上不存在污染风险.INI评价结果显示,以中国潮土背景值为参比时,73%占比的垃圾中转站污染程度为未污染至中度污染;以风险筛选值为参比时,不仅其评价污染等级远高于中国潮土背景值,且各垃圾站受污风险程度排序与NIPI评估结果完全相反.RI评价结果显示,以中国潮土背景值为参比时,7个垃圾站为中度生态风险,4个为强生态风险;以风险筛选值为参比时,11个垃圾站均为轻微生态风险.NIRI评价结果显示与RI相似,以中国潮土背景值为参比时,研究区各垃圾中转站生态风险程度严重,以风险筛选值为参比时,所有样点的NIRI均低于30,研究区土壤重金属均为轻微生态风险.综合上述评价结果表明,INI不适合以风险筛选值为参比进行土壤重金属污染评估,RI和NIRI评估结果排序基本一致,五福路、刘寺、五顷四生活垃圾中转站生态风险最高,晋安路、吹古台、铁南新村垃圾中转站生态风险最低,表明中国潮土背景值和风险筛选值均适用于这两种评价方法.研究结果可为土壤重金属污染评价方法的选择提供参考建议.This research focuses on the soil surrounding 11 waste transfer stations in a northern city of China.The study analyzes the levels of Cd,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn,and Ni elements present in the soil.Based on the background values of Chinese coastal soil and soil screening values for pollution risks,the study uses the Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index(NIPI)and the improved Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index(INI)to assess the extent of heavy metal pollution.Additionally,the study evaluates the ecological risk of heavy metals using the Potential Ecological Risk Index(RI)and the improved Potential Ecological Risk Index(NIRI).The results indicate that the average concentrations of Ni,Cu,Pb,Cr,Zn,and Cd elements in the study area were 23.08,26.63,24.08,44.64,97.68,and 0.32 mg·kg^(−1),respectively.The assessment using the NIPI showed that,when compared to the background values of Chinese coastal soil,the waste transfer stations in the study area were generally classified as moderately contaminated with heavy metals.However,when compared to the screening values for risk,all 10 waste transfer stations in the study area were found to be at a safe and pollution-free level,indicating an overall absence of contamination risk.The evaluation based on the INI reveals that,when compared to the background values of Chinese coastal soil,73%of the waste transfer stations in the study area were classified as ranging from non-polluted to moderately polluted.However,when compared to the screening values for risk,not only were the pollution levels evaluated significantly higher than the background values of Chinese coastal soil,but also the rankings of contamination risk for each waste station were completely opposite to the results obtained from the NIPI assessment.Furthermore,the evaluation results based on the RI indicate that,when compared to the background values of Chinese coastal soil,7 waste stations were identified as having a moderate ecological risk,while 4 stations were classified as having a high ecological risk.On the other hand,whe

关 键 词：土壤重金属 垃圾中转站 改进型内梅罗综合污染指数 改进型潜在生态风险评价. 

分 类 号：X-1[环境科学与工程] O6[理学—化学]