施用有机肥对黄绵土中石油烃污染物的去除特性及作用机制  

Removal characteristics and degradation mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbons in the loess soil by applying organic fertilizers

作　　者：李丹洁 吴蔓莉[1] 张俞 冯爽 欧娅雯 严子浩 王世杰 LI Danjie;WU Manli;ZHANG Yu;FENG Shuang;OU Yawen;YAN Zihao;WANG Shijie(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering,Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource,Environment and Ecology,School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an,710055,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省环境工程重点实验室,西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,西安710055

出　　处：《环境化学》2025年第3期1046-1057,共12页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52070154);陕西省科技厅重点研发计划项目(2023-YBNY-251)资助.

摘　　要：向石油污染土壤中施入有机肥可以增加土壤的保水、保温、透气能力,促进土壤微生物的生长和活性,达到石油烃去除的目的.目前对于有机肥施入后不同组分烃的去除特性以及有机肥生物降解石油烃的作用机制尚不清楚.本文设置了向石油污染土壤中施入有机肥(TF)和接种从有机肥中提取的微生物(TW)两个处理.利用重量法和GC-FID分别对土壤中的总石油烃(total petroleum hydrocarbon,TPH)和不同组分烃进行测定,采用分子生物学技术分析了土壤微生物变化.结果表明,修复60 d,TF处理对土壤中的TPH、脂肪烃组分、芳香烃组分的去除率分别为32.13%、34.44%、15.82%,土壤中芘、苯并[a]芘、苯并[g,h,i]苝的消减量分别为0.30、0.90、2.47 mg·kg^(−1)土;TW处理对TPH、脂肪烃和芳香烃的去除率分别为4.16%、9.16%和7.77%,土壤中芘、苯并[a]芘、苯并[g,h,i]苝的消减量分别为0.27、0.50、1.84 mg·kg^(−1)土.流式细胞术和高通量测序测定结果表明,TF土壤中高活性菌数量由3.16×10^(7)增加至1.92×10^(9) CFU·kg^(−1)土,Chao 1指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数分别由788、6.06、0.932增加至1174、7.72、0.981.TW土壤中的高活性菌数量降低至9.87×10^(6) CFU·kg^(−1)土,Chao 1指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数分别降低至855.8、6.35、0.945.研究表明向石油污染土壤中施入完整有机肥对总石油烃和脂肪烃组分的去除具有明显促进作用,但对土壤中芳香烃组分的去除效果较差.接种从有机肥中提取的微生物对总石油烃和组分烃的降解有微弱抑制作用.结果说明有机肥中的微生物与污染土壤中的土著微生物存在弱拮抗作用,有机肥中富含的丰富养分显著提高了土壤土著微生物多样性和高活性菌数量,进而对总石油烃和脂肪烃组分起到有效降解作用.The application of organic fertilizer to remediation of the oil-contaminated soils can effectively degrade petroleum hydrocarbons due to increase the soil's moisture,thermal insulation,and air permeability,thereby promoting the growth of soil microorganisms.However,the removal characteristics and biodegradation mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbons using organic fertilizer are still unclear.In this study,two treatments including applying organic fertilizer(TF)and inoculating of microorganisms which obtained from organic fertilizer(TW)were set up in order to illustrate the issues.The total petroleum hydrocarbon(TPH)and hydrocarbon fractions were determined using the gravimetric method and GC-FID,respectively;soil microorganisms were analyzed using molecular biology techniques.Results showed that after 60 days of remediation,the removal rates of the TPH,aliphatic,and aromatic fractions were 32.13%,34.44%,and 15.82%,respectively;and the reduction amounts of pyrene,benzo[a]pyrene,and benzo[g,h,i]perylene respectively were 0.30,0.90,and 2.47 mg·kg^(−1)in the TF treatment.In the TW treatment,the removal rates of the TPH,aliphatic,and aromatic fractions were 4.16%,9.16%,and 7.77%,respectively;as well as the reduction amounts of pyrene,benzo[a]pyrene,and benzo[g,h,i]perylene respectively were 0.27,0.50,1.84 mg·kg^(−1).The flow cytometry and high-throughput sequencing showed that the number of highly active bacteria increased from 3.16×10^(7) to 1.92×10^(9) CFU·kg^(−1)soil,and the Chao1,Shannon,and Simpson index increased respectively from 788,6.06,and 0.932 to 1174,7.72,and 0.981 in the TF soil.In the TW soil,the quantities of highly active bacteria decreased to 9.87×10^(6) CFU·kg^(−1)soil;and the Chao 1,Shannon,and Simpson index decreased to 855.8,6.35,and 0.945,respectively.Results indicated that application of organic fertilizer to the oil-contaminated soil could promote biodegradation of TPH and aliphatic hydrocarbon,but the removal effect of the aromatic components is poor.Inoculation of the microorgani

关 键 词：石油污染土壤 脂肪烃组分 多环芳烃 有机肥 微生物. 

分 类 号：X-1[环境科学与工程] O6[理学—化学]