缺体-四体染色体对小麦农艺性状和加工品质的影响  

Effects of Nulli-Tetrasomic Chromosomes on Agronomic Traits and Processing Quality of Wheat

作　　者：杨少伟 李煜 吴倩 席甜甜 杨建光 罗佳 董剑[1] 马守才[1] 王军卫[1] YANG Shaowei;LI Yu;WU Qian;XI Tiantian;YANG Jianguang;LUO Jia;DONG Jian;MA Shoucai;WANG Junwei(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Bayannur Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Bayannur,Inner Mongolia 015000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]内蒙古巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究所,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第4期462-473,共12页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：陕西省作物杂种优势研究与利用重点实验室后补助项目(2018SZS-22);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-YBNY-021,2023-YBNY-024);西安市科技计划项目(23NYGG0021)。

摘　　要：小麦缺体-四体材料是一种重要的染色体遗传材料,通常被用来进行目的基因定位等研究,而对于缺体-四体小麦材料本身的农艺和品质性状的研究报道较少。为了解染色体缺失和重复对小麦主要农艺和品质性状的影响,对38份中国春缺体-四体材料进行了农艺、籽粒及面粉加工品质性状调查及分析。结果表明:缺体-四体材料的农艺性状变异系数表现为穗粒数>分蘖数>穗长>小穗数>株高;与对照(中国春)相比,N7D-T7A的小穗数显著增加(P<0.05),N2A-T2B和N6B-T6A的穗粒数极显著降低(P<0.01),N4B-T4A和N7D-T7A的株高显著增加,N6D-T6B的株高显著降低,N4A-T4B和N7A-T7B的穗长极显著变短,但是分蘖数上所有缺体-四体材料与对照无显著差异。缺体-四体材料的籽粒性状变异系数表现为千粒重>面积>长宽比>粒宽>粒长>周长;与对照相比,N3B-T3D、N3D-T3A、N3D-T3B、N6A-T6B、N6B-T6A的籽粒面积显著增加,N3B-T3A、N3B-T3D、N3D-T3B、N6A-T6B和N6B-T6A的粒宽极显著增加,N1B-T1A、N1B-T1D、N3A-T3D、N4A-T4B、N4A-T4D、N5B-T5A、N5B-T5D、N6A-T6D、N7A-T7B、N7A-T7D在长宽比上极显著降低,N2A-T2B的千粒重显著降低,在周长和粒长性状上所有缺体-四体材料与对照没有显著差异。缺体-四体材料的面粉品质性状变异系数表现为沉降值>湿面筋含量>粗蛋白含量>水分>淀粉;与对照相比,缺体-四体材料在面粉品质性状上存在差异,但不显著。缺体-四体材料的变异系数表现为稳定时间>形成时间>粉质质量指数>弱化度>吸水率;与对照相比,只有第一同源群缺体-四体材料在面团形成时间和稳定时间上表现出了显著差异,其中N1A-T1B面团稳定时间显著增加,N1A-T1D面团形成时间和面团稳定时间极显著增加,N1D-T1A面团形成时间显著增加,面团稳定时间极显著增加,而在其他指标上缺体-四体材料与对照均无显著差异。Nulli-tetrasomic materials are the important chromosomal genetic wheat materials,which have been used for target gene localization.However,fewer studies reported on the agronomic and quality traits of nulli-tetrasomic materials.In order to analyze the effects of chromosome deletions and duplications on major agronomic and quality traits of wheat,the agronomic,grain and flour processing quality traits of 38 nulli-tetrasomic materials were investigated.The results showed that coefficients of variation of agronomic traits showed grain number per spike>tiller number>spike length>spikelet number>plant height.Compared with the control(Chinese spring),the number of spikelets of N7D-T7A increased significantly;the number of grains per spike of N2A-T2B and N6B-T6A decreased significantly;the plant height of N4B-T4A and N7D-T7A increased significantly;the plant height of N6D-T6B decreased significantly;the spike length of N4A-T4B and N7A-T7B decreased significantly;yet there was no significant difference in the number of tillers between all nulli-tetrasomic materials and the control.The coefficients of variation of grain traits of the nulli-tetrasomic materials ranked as 1000-grain weight>grain area>length-width ratio>grain width>grain length>perimeter;compared with the control,the grain area of N3B-T3D,N3D-T3A,N3D-T3B,N6A-T6B,and N6B-T6A increased significantly;the grain width of N3B-T3A,N3B-T3D,N3D-T3B,N6A-T6B,and N6B-T6A increased significantly,and the length-width ratio of N1B-T1A,N1B-T1D,N3A-T3D,N4A-T4B,N4A-T4D,N5B-T5A,N5B-T5D,N6A-T6D,N7A-T7B,and N7A-T7D decreased significantly.The 1000-grain weight of N2A-T2B was significantly reduced,and there was no significant difference in circumference and grain length between all nulli-tetrasomic materials and the control.The variation coefficients of flour quality traits of the nulli-tetrasomic materials ranked as Zeleny>wet gluten content>protein content>moisture content>starch content;compared with the control,the nulli-tetrasomic materials had differences in flour quality t

关 键 词：小麦 缺体-四体 农艺性状 籽粒性状 面粉加工品质性状 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330