施氮量和种植密度对强筋小麦冠层光截获特性和籽粒产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Amount and Plant Density on Canopy Light Interception Characteristics and Grain Yield of Strong Gluten Wheat

作　　者：郝倩倩 兰会杰 董文楠 秦保平 张敏 蔡瑞国 杨晴 李昊昱 杨敏 HAO Qianqian;LAN Huijie;DONG Wennan;QIN Baoping;ZHANG Min;CAI Ruiguo;YANG Qing;LI Haoyu;YANG Min(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology/Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology,Qinhuangdao,Hebei 066600,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院农学与生物科技学院/河北省作物逆境生物学重点实验室,河北秦皇岛066600

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第4期482-491,共10页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金项目(C2020407038,C2022407015);“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300402-2)。

摘　　要：为明确施氮量和种植密度对强筋小麦冠层光截获特性和籽粒产量的影响,以强筋小麦品种中麦578为材料,通过田间试验,设置4个施氮水平(0、180、240和300 kg·hm^(-2),分别用N0、N1、N2和N3表示)和3个种植密度(3.0×10^(6)、4.5×10^(6)和6.0×10^(6)株·hm^(-2),分别用D1、D2和D3表示),分析了不同处理下强筋小麦光合有效辐射(PAR)截获率和透光率、干物质积累与转运、籽粒产量与品质的差异。结果表明,小麦产量及其构成因素受施氮量的影响较种植密度大,小麦在N2和N3条件下能够获得较高的穗数、穗粒数和籽粒产量,其中以N2D2处理的产量最高,达到9957.73 kg·hm^(-2)。除N3外,随着施氮量或种植密度的增加,冠层PAR截获率均逐渐增大,透光率显著下降。施氮量、种植密度和二者互作显著影响强筋小麦干物质积累与转运;在同一施氮条件下,适度增加种植密度可提高花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒产量贡献率,二者均以N2D2处理下最大。增施氮肥有利于沉降值和面筋指数的增加,面筋指数在N2D2处理下到达最佳。综合考虑强筋小麦冠层光合有效辐的利用、干物质的积累和转运、籽粒产量和品质,240 kg N·hm^(-2)的施氮量和4.5×10^(6)株·hm^(-2)的种植密度是本试验条件下强筋小麦生产中的最优氮密组合。In order to determine the effects of different nitrogen(N)application amount and plant density on canopy light interception characteristics and grain yield of strong gluten wheat,Zhongmai 578,a strong gluten wheat cultivar,was used as material.Four nitrogen application levels(0,180,240,and 300 kg·hm^(-2),represented by N0,N1,N2,and N3,respectively)and three planting densities(3.0×10^(6),4.5×10^(6)and 6.0×10^(6)plants·hm^(-2),represented by D1,D2,and D3,respectively)were set up in the field.The differences of photosynthetic active radiation(PAR)interception rate and penetration rate,dry matter accumulation and transport,grain yield and quality of strong gluten wheat under different treatments were analyzed.The results showed that the yield and its components of wheat were affected more by N application amount than plant density.There weret more spike number,grain number per spike and grain yield under N2 and N3 conditions,among which the yield of N2D2 treatment was the highest,reaching 9957.73 kg·hm^(-2).Except for N3 treatment,canopy PAR interception rate increased gradually and penetration rate decreased significantly with the increase of N application amount or plant density.N application amount,plant density and their interaction significantly affected dry matter accumulation and transport of the strong gluten wheat.Under the same N application conditions,moderately increasing plant density increased dry matter accumulation amount and contribution rate to grain yield after anthesis,which were the highest under N2D2 treatment.The sedimentation and gluten index increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application amount,and gluten index reached the optimum under N2D2 treatment.Synthetically considering the utilization of photosynthetic active radiation,accumulation and transportation of dry matter,grain yield and quality of the strong gluten wheat canopy,N application amount of 240 kg N·hm^(-2)and plant density of 4.5×10^(6)plants·hm^(-2)were the optimum combination for strong gluten wheat pro

关 键 词：强筋小麦 施氮量 种植密度 冠层光截获 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311