追氮量和种植密度对弱筋小麦品质与产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Topdressing and Planting Density on Starch Granule Distribution and Pasting Properties of Weak Gluten Wheat

作　　者：周文银 李文阳 李浩杰 张士雅 雍玉东 刘阳 肖龙飞 郑成岩[2] 闫素辉 ZHOU Wenyin;LI Wenyang;LI Haojie;ZHANG Shiya;YONG Yudong;LIU Yang;XIAO Longfei;ZHENG Chengyan;YAN Suhui(College of Agronomy,Anhui Science and Technology University,Fengyang,Anhui 233100,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院农学院,安徽凤阳233100 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第4期492-501,共10页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2300801-02);安徽省高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2021-089);安徽省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(小麦);安徽省科技特派员项目(2023tpt035)。

摘　　要：为明确追氮量和种植密度对弱筋小麦品质与产量的影响,以弱筋小麦品种扬麦15为材料,设置4个追氮水平(37.8、43.2、48.6和54.0 kg·hm^(-2),分别用N1、N2、N3和N4表示)和3个密度水平(180万、240万和300万株·hm^(-2),分别用D1、D2和D3表示),比较了不同追氮量和种植密度条件下小麦淀粉粒度分布、糊化特性、蛋白质及其组分含量、籽粒蔗糖合酶(SS)和腺苷二磷酸化酶(ADGPase)活性及产量的差异。结果表明,随追氮量的减少,小麦籽粒B型(≤10μm)淀粉粒体积、表面积百分比均呈先升后降趋势,A型(>10μm)淀粉粒体积百分比、表面积百分比均呈先降后升趋势。减施追氮量后小麦湿面筋含量、蛋白质含量、沉降值以及清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量均呈下降趋势,淀粉含量整体呈上升趋势。小麦籽粒SS活性、ADGPase活性、产量及淀粉峰值黏度、最终黏度等随追氮量的减少均呈先升后降趋势,且均在N3条件下最高。随种植密度的增加,B型淀粉粒体积、表面积百分比呈上升的趋势,A型淀粉粒体积、表面积百分比呈下降的趋势,淀粉峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度等呈增加趋势,清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白含量呈先降后升的趋势,各蛋白组分含量均在D3水平下最高。增密降低了湿面筋含量、蛋白质含量和沉降值,但增加了籽粒淀粉含量、SS活性和ADGPase活性,进而促进产量提升。在本试验条件下,适量追氮和增密主要增加了B型淀粉粒占比、淀粉黏度参数、SS活性、ADGPase活性,提高了弱筋小麦籽粒产量和加工品质。In order to determine the optimum nitrogen topdressing amount and planting density for improving the starch quality and yield of weak gluten wheat,a weak gluten wheat variety Yangmai 15 was used as material,with four nitrogen topdressing levels(37.8,43.2,48.6,and 54.0 kg·hm^(-2),namely N1,N2,N3,and N4)and three density levels(1.8×10^(6),2.4×10^(6),and 3.0×10^(6)plants·hm^(-2),namely D1,D2,and D3).The effects of different nitrogen topdressing amounts and planting density on starch particle size distribution,gelatinization characteristics,protein components,grain enzyme activity and yield of wheat were characterized.The results showed that with the decreasing nitrogen topdressing,the volume and surface area percentage of B-type(≤10μm)starch granules in wheat grains increased first and then decreased,the volume and surface area percentage of A-type(>10μm)starch granules decreased first and then increased.After reducing the amount of topdressing nitrogen,the contents of wet gluten and protein,sedimentation value,albumin,globulin,glutenin,and gliadin content of wheat showed a downward trend,and the starch content showed an overall upward trend.The viscosity parameters such as SS activity,ADGPase activity,grain yield,starch peak viscosity and final viscosity of wheat increased first and then decreased,and the viscosity parameters such as SS activity,ADGPase activity,grain yield,and peak viscosity at N3 level were the highest.With the increase of planting density,the volume and surface area percentage of B-type starch granules showed an upward trend,and the volume and surface area percentage of A-type starch granules showed a downward trend.After increasing the planting density,the contents of albumin,globulin,glutenin,and gliadin initially decreased and then increased,and the highest content of each protein component was at D3 level.The viscosity parameters such as peak viscosity,trough viscosity,and final viscosity of wheat starch increased with the increase of density.Increasing planting density reduced wet

关 键 词：弱筋小麦 追氮量 种植密度 品质 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311