飞机钛合金结构裂纹扩展监测仿真研究  

Simulation study on crack propagation monitoring of aircraft titanium alloy structure

作　　者：刘凌峰 LIU Lingfeng(Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute,Shanghai 201210,China)

机构地区：[1]上海飞机设计研究院,上海201210

出　　处：《民用飞机设计与研究》2025年第1期63-71,共9页Civil Aircraft Design & Research

摘　　要：飞机安全性是航司运营过程中重点关注的问题。钛合金结构作为飞机上的关键结构部件,其健康状态对飞机的安全性有着重要的影响。飞机在飞行过程中,受振动、气动载荷等环境的作用,钛合金结构件会不可避免地出现裂纹损伤,若不能及时发现并维护保障,裂纹将不断扩展,最终造成灾难性飞行事故。基于弹性波的结构健康监测方法对小损伤的识别非常灵敏,且监测范围较广。针对飞机钛合金结构部件,采用基于弹性波的仿真方法,从信号的时域特征、弹性波的传播波场、损伤造成的散射信号、散射信号的传播波场和损伤因子5个方面分析了弹性波在钛合金结构中的传播特性,并对其裂纹损伤及其扩展特性开展研究。针对5 mm/10 mm/15 mm/20 mm裂纹进行仿真分析,对比结果表明,采用弹性波的方法可以对5 mm及以上的裂纹进行较好地监测,为后续飞机结构的维护保障提供基础。Aircraft safety is a key issue in the operation of airlines.Titanium alloy structure is a key structural com⁃ponent on the aircraft,and its health status has an important impact on the safety of the aircraft.In the process of aircraft flight,due to the effects of vibration,aerodynamic load and other environments,titanium alloy structure will inevitably have crack damage.If the crack can not be found and maintained in time,the crack will continue to expand,and eventually cause a serious flight accident.The structural health monitoring method based on elastic wave is very sensitive to the identification of small damages,and has a wide monitoring range.Aiming at the tita⁃nium alloy structural parts of aircraft,the simulation method based on elastic wave is adopted to analyze the propa⁃gation characteristics of elastic waves in titanium alloy structure from five aspects,such as the time domain charac⁃teristics of the signal,the propagation wave field of elastic waves,the scattered signals caused by damage,the propagation wave field of scattered signals and the damage factor.The crack damage and its propagation character⁃istics are studied.The simulation analysis of 5 mm/10 mm/15 mm/20 mm cracks is carried out,and the comparison results show that the elastic wave method can better monitor the cracks of 5 mm and above,which provides the ba⁃sis for the maintenance of the aircraft structure.

关 键 词：民用飞机 钛合金结构 弹性波 裂纹 仿真 

分 类 号：V37[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]