走出霍夫施塔特:美国“农业神话”的动态叙事与知识谱系  

Moving Beyond Richard Hofstadter:Dynamic Narratives and the Intellectual Genealogy of America’s Agrarian Myth

作　　者：张勇安[1] Zhang Yong-an

机构地区：[1]上海大学历史学系

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2025年第1期33-57,292,293,共27页The World History Review

摘　　要：如果说托马斯·杰斐逊的农业理想和弗雷德里克·特纳的“边疆论”为制造“农业神话”提供了“光源”,霍夫施塔特对这些浪漫主义叙事的批判性解构则让“农业神话”具有了特定的意识形态功能,揭示了作为一种政治议程的“农业神话”简化甚至掩盖了城乡互动的复杂性、多样性和现实的残酷性。来自史学、文学、社会学、环境科学和政治学等学科的学者从不同维度或批判或解构或反思或延展了该思想,这些研究共同构成了“农业神话”的复杂谱系。美国“农业神话”因此成为一个动态而非静态的叙事,它在不同时代和背景下或以本体或以变体或有形或无形地被解构、重构和再造,既是映射美国乡村与城市、传统与现代、工业化与后工业化、个人主义与社群主义之间深层张力的一面镜子,又是观察美国农业发展过程中面临的生态、经济、社会和政治难题的一扇门窗。If Thomas Jefferson’s agrarian ideal and Frederick Turner’s“Frontier Thesis”provided the“illuminating sources”for the construction of the“Agrarian Myth”,Richard Hofstadter’s critical deconstruction of these romantic narratives endowed the myth with a distinct ideological function.His work revealed how the“Agrarian Myth”,as a political agenda,oversimplified or even obscured the complexity,diversity,and harsh realities of rural-urban interactions.Scholars from disciplines such as history,literature,sociology,environmental science,and political science have critiqued,deconstructed,reflected upon,or expanded this idea from various perspectives,collectively forming the intricate intellectual genealogy of the“Agrarian Myth”.As a result,America’s“Agrarian Myth”has evolved into a dynamic rather than static narrative.Across different eras and contexts,it has been deconstructed,reconstructed,and reinvented—whether in its original form,variations,or intangible manifestations.It serves not only as a mirror reflecting the profound tensions between rural and urban America,tradition and modernity,industrialization and post-industrialization,individualism and communitarianism,but also as a window through which to examine the ecological,economic,social,and political challenges embedded in the trajectory of American agricultural development.

关 键 词：理查德·霍夫施塔特 农业神话 托马斯·杰斐逊 知识谱系 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]