“生产者传统”与工业化时期美国的抗争政治——从《改革年代》中的“农业神话”谈起  

The Producer Tradition and the Contentious Politics in the United States during the Industrial Era

作　　者：蔡萌 Cai Meng

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院世界史系

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2025年第1期58-72,293,共16页The World History Review

摘　　要：霍夫施塔特批评美国农场主面对工业化时的非理性心态,将其概括为“农业神话”。其实这种心态并非农场主独有,而是前工业时代的一种“生产者传统”。它建立在前工业时代生产和社会经验的基础上,强调劳动的道德属性和社会价值,以及“生产者”相对于“非生产者”在道德上的优先性。当遭遇工业化时,“生产者传统”往往外化为一种高度道德化和带有普世性的政治话语。它不能被窄化为“阶级话语”,也不能简单地被纳入现代意义上的社会运动。只有深入理解前工业时代的“生产者传统”,才能更准确地把握工业化时期美国抗争政治的特征。Hofstadter criticized the irrational mind of American farmers when confronted with industrialization,summarizing it as“agrarian myth”.In fact,this irrational mind is not unique to farmers but a kind of“producer tradition”derived from the preindustrial era.It is based on the production and social experience of the preindustrial era,emphasizing the moral attributes and social value of labor,as well as the moral priority of“producers”over“nonproducers”.When encountering industrialization,the“producer tradition”often externalizes as a highly moralized and universal political discourse.It cannot be narrowed down to“class discourse”and cannot simply be incorporated into modern social movements.Only by deeply understanding the“producer tradition”can we accurately grasp the characteristics of the contentious politics in the United States during the industrial era.

关 键 词：霍夫施塔特 农业神话 生产者传统 前现代 

分 类 号：K712.5[历史地理—历史学] K712[历史地理—世界史]