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作 者:王禹 Wang Yu
机构地区:[1]四川大学历史文化学院
出 处:《世界历史评论》2025年第1期96-133,293,294,共40页The World History Review
摘 要:理查德·霍夫施塔特是20世纪美国最重要的历史学家之一,《改革年代:从布赖恩到富兰克林·罗斯福》(后文简称“《改革年代》”)一书是他的代表作。一般认为,以霍夫施塔特为代表的“二战”后一代美国史家,通过对“共识”的强调,反思并终结了20世纪初兴起的、将解释重心放在历史情境中的利益“冲突”之上的进步主义史学范式。然而,仅将这一过程理解为以“共识”取代“冲突”这一诠释视角的嬗替是不够的。从内部来讲,这一过程涉及美国史学对自身的一场方法论革命,这场革命的要旨是让历史学在方法论意义上向其他学科和知识门类开放大门;从外部来讲,这一过程则涉及战后一代美国历史学家站在自己的时代,对美国民主和国民性的一系列反思和批判。《改革年代》一书即体现了上述更为复杂的史学发展。霍夫施塔特也是美国20世纪最重要的知识分子之一,《改革年代》的成书不仅与这位历史学家的智识成长密切相关,也反过来影响了他的智识生活。本文对该书主要观点及其引起的争议进行了概述,对霍夫施塔特在该书中的方法论创新做了分析,并试探性地揭示该书文字风格的特点。通过对《改革年代》成书的多重复杂智识背景的展示,本文试图更加深入地认识霍夫施塔特这位历史学家,同时也期待在呈现出这位历史学家智识成长的更多细节之后,更加深刻地理解这部作品。Richard Hofstadter was one of the most influential American historians of the 20th century,and The Age of Reform:From Bryan to F.D.R.is considered his magnum opus.It is generally believed that the post-World War II generation of American historians,of whom Hofstadter was a representative,by emphasizing“consensus”,reflected on and brought an end to the progressive school of historiography that emerged in early 20th century,which focused on“conflict”of interests within historical contexts.However,understanding this process merely as a shift of interpretive perspective from“conflict”to“consensus”is not sufficient.Internally,this process indicated a methodological revolution within American historiography,the aim of which was to open the field of history to methodologies from other disciplines and fields of knowledge.Externally,it involved the post-war generation of American historians reflecting on and criticizing American democracy and national character from the perspective of their own era.The Age of Reform embodies this more complex development in historiography.Hofstadter was also one of the most significant American intellectuals in 20th century.Writing the book The Age of Reform was closely tied to his intellectual growth and,in turn,influenced his intellectual life.This article provides an overview of the book’s main arguments and the controversies they aroused,analyzes Hofstadter’s methodological innovations in his work,and tentatively explores the characteristics of its literary style.By revealing the multifaceted and complex intellectual background behind the making of The Age of Reform,this article aims to intensify our understanding of Hofstadter as a historian,and at the same time,by presenting more details of his intellectual development,seeks to offer a more profound appreciation of this book.
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