20世纪80年代以来俄亥俄州的经济政策与制造业变迁  

Ohio State Economic Policies in Manufacturing since 1980s

作　　者：吴晶晶[1] Wu Jingjing

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2025年第1期211-229,296,共20页The World History Review

摘　　要：俄亥俄州是美国中西部典型的工业大州,“二战”结束以来受到去工业化的强烈冲击。为了振兴制造业,州政府在1983年推出了新的经济发展政策即“托马斯·爱迪生计划”,涵盖种子发展基金、孵化园区和技术创新与转化三大领域。经济政策产生了明显效果,促使俄亥俄州制造业向技术含量高的先进制造业转型,形成了相关产业的区域性集群,在整体上居于全美各州前列。20世纪90年代以来的俄亥俄州面临着就业岗位减少、工资下降和服务业相对滞后等挑战,主要中心城市都出现了人口流失和贫困等问题。俄亥俄州制造业的变迁和州政府的经济政策具有典型意义和独特的研究价值,有助于人们了解20世纪80年代以来联邦政府和多个州政府所采取的“再工业化”措施。Ohio is a typical large industrial state.Since World War II,it has been strongly impacted by deindustrialization.The state government launched a new economic development policy,the“Thomas Edison Plan”in 1983,covering three major areas:seed development funds,incubation parks,and technological innovation and transformation.The economic policy has produced obvious effects,promoting the transformation of Ohio’s manufacturing industry to advanced manufacturing with high technology content,forming a regional cluster of related industries.But since the 1990s,Ohio has faced challenges such as job losses,wage decline,and a relatively lagging service industry.The change of Ohio’s manufacturing industry and the economic policies of the state government have typical significance and unique research value.Since the 1980s,the federal government and many state governments have taken similar measures to promote the“re-industrialization”of the US economy,and have achieved relatively obvious results.

关 键 词：制造业 去工业化 俄亥俄州 州政府经济政策 托马斯·爱迪生计划 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]