冷战、非殖民化与美国南亚学的发展  

The Symbiosis and Tension between the Cold War and Scholarship:How did American South Asian Studies Emerge from and Transcend the Cold War

作　　者：夏英华 Xia Yinghua

机构地区：[1]浙江大学历史学院

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2025年第1期249-272,297,共25页The World History Review

摘　　要：美国南亚学源于19世纪美国的印度研究,蓬勃发展于冷战这一特殊时期。20世纪50年代在美国学术界、私人基金会和政府共同推动下,美国国内的南亚学高校建制初步完成。20世纪60年代非殖民化浪潮促使美国借助区域研究将现代化理论输入战后新兴国家,印度作为新兴国家重要代表成为亚洲文化冷战焦点。以美国印度学研究所建立为标志,美国南亚学进入黄金发展时期,美国南亚学研究中心建设也从其国内高校拓展到印度。尽管20世纪60年代末一系列政治事件致使美国南亚学发展陷入低潮,但在70年代获得了新生,这基于其发展过程中两个十分显著的特点。其一,由于其强大的古典印度研究传统,美国南亚学具有很强的古典主义与人文主义色彩;其二,美国南亚学重要领导者倡导“传统”和“现代”并非对立关系,与美国当时的现代化理论不相协调。South Asian Studies in American originated in the 19th century from American Indic Studies,and flourished during the Cold War.In the 1950s,with the joint efforts of a considerable number of scholars,private foundations,and the U.S.federal government,the institutionalization of South Asian Studies in American universities was initially completed.The wave of decolonization in the 1960s prompted American to introduce modernization theories to post-war emerging nations through Area Studies.India,as a significant representative of these emerging nations,became a focal point of Cold War in Asia,marked by the establishment of American Institutes of Indian Studies.This period marked a golden age for the development of South Asian Studies in American,with the establishment of research centers extending from domestic universities to India.Despite a downturn in the late 1960s due to various political events,South Asian Studies in American experienced a revival in the 1970s.This resurgence was based on two significant features of its development:firstly,its strong tradition of classical Indian Studies,which imbues South Asian Studies in American with a classical and humanistic hue;secondly,the influential leaders in the field advocating that“traditional”and“modern”are not necessarily opposing concepts,in contrast to prevailing modernization theories in American at that time.

关 键 词：冷战 区域研究 印度学 南亚学 知识权力 

分 类 号：K351[历史地理—历史学]