中国特色数据产权登记制度的构建  

The Construction of a Data Property Rights Registration System with Chinese Characteristics

作　　者：宋强[1] SONG Qiang

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2025年第2期3-17,共15页Research on Rule of Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“我国公共大数据‘聚通用’法律问题研究”(项目编号:19BFX017)研究成果。

摘　　要：在数字产业化和产业数字化进程加速演进的背景下,数据要素的非竞争性、非排他性特征与传统产权制度间产生范式冲突,构建适配数据新型权利属性的登记制度已成为我国数字经济发展的基础性命题。当前立法层面尚未形成系统性制度安排,虽在北京市、山东省等八省市开展的区域性制度创新试点中探索出差异化登记模式,但受限于数据权利分层模糊、区域规则异构化及技术治理缺位等瓶颈,仍难以支撑全国统一数据要素市场的建构需求。基于此,亟需以“制度创新—技术赋能”协同框架重构登记体系:制度维度应围绕数据资源持有权、加工使用权、产品经营权的权利束分解构建分层登记规则,建立与数据交易、资产入表等机制的协同网络;技术维度须依托区块链存证等技术完善登记信息防篡改机制与权益保障体系,推进全国统一登记平台建设。通过构建兼具权利配置效率与安全治理效能的中国方案,可为数据要素市场化流通提供产权制度保障。Against the backdrop of accelerating digital industrialization and industrial digitization,the non-competitive and non-exclusive characteristics of data elements clash with traditional property rights systems,creating a paradigm conflict.Establishing a registration system compatible with the novel rights attributes of data has become a foundational imperative for China's digital economy development.Current legislative frameworks have yet to form systematic institutional arrangements.Although regional pilot reforms in eight provincial-level regions,including Beijing and Shandong,have explored differentiated registration models,challenges such as ambiguous stratification of data rights,heterogeneous regional rules,and the lack of technological governance hinder the construction of a unified national data element market.To address this,it is critical to reconstruct the registration system through a collaborative'institutional innovation-technological empowerment'framework.Institutionally,hierarchical registration rules should be developed based on the decomposition of rights bundles-including data resource ownership,processing rights,and product operation rights-while establishing synergies with mechanisms like data transactions and asset accounting.Technologically,blockchain-based evidence storage and other technologies must be leveraged to enhance tamper-proof mechanisms for registration information and rights protection systems,advancing the development of a unified national registration platform.By crafting a Chinese solution that balances rights allocation efficiency with security governance,this approach will provide institutional safeguards for the market-oriented circulation of data elements.

关 键 词：数据产权 登记制度 数据确权 技术治理 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]