民营经济发展中的平台企业:定位转向与立法回应  

Platform Enterprises in the Development of the Private Economy:Positioning Shifts and Legislative Responses

作　　者：蒋大兴[1] 冯成丰 JIANG Daxing;FENG Chengfeng

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2025年第2期107-121,共15页Research on Rule of Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“公司法修订中的重大问题研究——基于私人自治与公共规制之间的平衡”(项目编号:21AFX019)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：从古代的“重农抑商”,到近代的“三座大山”,再到建国后的“计划经济”,中国的民营经济一直处于“先天不足”的状态。在“公有制—非公有制”的二元框架中,如何消除对民营经济的误解,明确其法律地位,是未来一段时间内民营经济法治建设的重要任务。这一立场也得到了正在制定中的民营经济促进法的认可。然而,民营经济发展面临的困境,从来都不只有公有制经济这一个影响因素,而是一切可能扼杀营业自由的权力,无论其来源如何。当下,民营经济正面临着来自平台企业的新的私人权力威胁。“不加入,就出局”,是否屈从于平台企业力量“转型升级”,这是多数民营市场主体正在面临的“平台经济困境”。这种强大到足以控制私人财产权和契约自由的经济力量,使得民间的营业自由再次面临着被摧毁的可能。我们必须跳出将公有制经济作为假想对立面的历史惯性,从平台企业的公共属性出发,推动其定位转向并服务于民营经济的市场主体,发挥其作为信息中介、交易场所、资金中介和联络市场主体的功能。在立法上,需要考虑采取对平台企业直接设定权利义务、将平台业务与商业活动相分离、提供公共平台的替代选择和改变平台企业的内部治理结构等措施,最终促进民营经济发展。From the ancient policy of'emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce',to the'three great mountains'of the modern era,and the'planned economy'after the founding of the People's Republic,China's private economy has consistently been in a state of'inherent deficiency'.Breaking the'ownership bias'within the dichotomy of'public ownership versus non-public ownership'and affirming the legal status of the private economy has been a crucial direction for the legal system development of the private economy over a long period.This stance is also embraced by the'Private Economy Promotion Law'currently being drafted.However,the challenges faced by the development of the private economy have never been solely influenced by the public economy;rather,they stem from any power that could potentially stifle business freedom,regardless of its origin.Presently,the private economy is encountering new threats from the private power of platform enterprises.'Join or be excluded',whether to succumb to the power of platform enterprise to'transform and upgrade'is the'platform economy dilemma'faced by most private market entities.This economic force,powerful enough to control private property rights and freedom of contract,is comparable to the social control exerted by the public economy in the past,once again threatening the business freedom.Therefore,we must break free from the historical inertia of viewing the public economy as an imaginary adversary and,starting from the publicness of platform enterprises,promote their repositioning to serve the market entities of the private economy,leveraging their functions as information intermediaries,transaction venues,financial intermediaries,and connectors of market entities.Legislatively,it is necessary to consider measures such as directly imposing rights and obligations on platform enterprises,separating platform affairs from commercial activities,providing alternative public platforms,and altering the internal governance structure of platform enterprises to ultimately promote the devel

关 键 词：民营经济促进法 平台企业 公共性 

分 类 号：D922.29[政治法律—经济法学]