青年女舰员生殖相关健康素养和远航健康状况调查与普及教育构想  

Reproductive health literacy and health status of young female sailors during long voyage

作　　者：周燕燕 单成祥 郭玉峰 李冬 胡煜 王强 张伟 Zhou Yanyan;Shan Chengxiang;Guo Yufeng;Li Dong;Hu Yu;Wang Qiang;Zhang Wei(Department of Colorectal Surgery,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University,Shanghai 200003,China)

机构地区：[1]海军军医大学第二附属医院肛肠外科,上海200003 [2]海军军医大学第二附属医院甲乳疝外科,上海200003 [3]海军军医大学第二附属医院医务处,上海200003 [4]海军军医大学第二附属医院生殖医学中心,上海200003

出　　处：《海军医学杂志》2025年第3期223-228,共6页Journal of Navy Medicine

基　　金：海军后勤科研重点项目(BHJ23C011);长征医院金字塔人才工程项目(B01)。

摘　　要：目的 了解青年女舰员生殖相关健康素养以及远航对健康状况产生的影响,构思未来的健康科普教育方案。方法 分析49名青年女舰员的年度健康体检结果和问卷调查(包括生殖相关健康调查、生殖相关健康知识储备状况和远航训练后的健康状况)结果。结果 年度健康体检显示,部分女舰员出现甲状腺相关症状,其中甲状腺功能减退为32.65%,甲状腺超声提示甲状腺良性疾病为59.18%,1例可疑乳头状癌(2.04%)。超声检查发现乳腺结节5例(10.00%),乳腺增生46例(93.88%);生殖系统良性疾病6例(12.24%)。问卷调查显示,远航后期青年女舰员认为自身身心状态改变明显,主要表现为情绪和心理变化,与远航时工作和休息环境的改变相关;远航期间月经周期反应与上述改变存在叠加效应,36.73%的女舰员有远航期间月经周期反应明显而影响战位执勤的经历。此外,女舰员对乳腺癌和甲状腺癌预防、检查相关知识储备极为欠缺。结论 远航时的生活和工作环境可能对年轻女舰员的甲状腺、乳腺和生殖系统健康造成一定影响,通过线上+线下的模式普及健康知识教育,有助于加强女舰员生殖健康相关素养,提高对疾病防护和自我照护的能力,从而增强部队战斗力。Objective To explore the reproductive health literacy of young female sailors,investigate the influence of long voyage on the health,and propose strategies on health education.Methods A total of 49 young female sailors were enrolled.Their healthy status was evaluated by annual medical records.The questionnaire survey was also conducted to evaluate general status related to reproductive health,knowledge pertaining to reproductive health,and health status after long voyage.Results Some female sailors had symptoms of thyroid diseases,such as hypothyroidism(32.65%),benign thyroid nodules(59.18%),and suspected papillary carcinoma(in one sailor,2.04%).Ultrasonography revealed breast nodules in 5 subjects(10.00%),mammary gland hyperplasia in 46 subjects(93.88%)and reproductive benign diseases in 6 subjects(12.24%).The physical and mental states significantly changed in the late stage of long voyage.The changes in work and living environment were the main factors affecting the emotional and psychological status in the long voyage.The discomfort in menstrual cycle piled up with the above-mentioned changes during a long voyage,and the menstruation significantly affected the duty of 36.73%of female sailors during a long voyage.Female sailors had little knowledge about the prevention and examination of breast cancer and thyroid cancer.Conclusion The living and work environment during a long voyage may affect the health of the thyroid,mammary gland and reproductive system of young female sailors.Active health education via online and offline ways is helpful to improve the health literacy and self-care of female sailors,subsequently enhancing the combat effectiveness.

关 键 词：女舰员 健康现状 问卷调查 普及教育 

分 类 号：R193.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]