论秦人崛起过程中族群身份的建构  

On the Construction of Ethnic Identity in the Rising Process of the Qin People

作　　者：魏永康[1] Wei Yongkang

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《史学月刊》2025年第4期5-14,共10页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“新出简牍所见秦统一进程中的族群整合与边地治理研究”(16CZS028)。

摘　　要：秦人在历史发展进程中的族群形象,多次被他者塑造为“秦夷”“秦戎”乃至“虎狼”,这在某种程度上也是他者对秦人族群身份的建构。其背后蕴含着特殊的历史语境:“秦夷”“秦戎”反映了春秋至战国早期,因文化习俗差异而使秦人受到的歧视;“虎狼”之称是战国中晚期合纵家刻意放大秦与东方诸国的差异,以此煽动广泛的仇秦情绪而实现联合抗秦。在这一过程中,秦人也不断展开自我族群身份建设:早期经历了从“嬴族”到“秦人”的转变,并注意与“夏”“蛮”的界限;随着国力的增长,将族源追溯为高阳之后,自称为“夏”;在加速统一的进程中,重构“秦人”的族群身份,实现了从血缘纽带到地缘政治的转变。这一变化标志着秦完成了对族群身份的建构,彰显了其作为大一统国家的自信与决心。In the historical development of the Qin people,their ethnic image had been shaped by others as Qin Yi(秦夷),Qin Rong(秦戎)and even“tiger and wolf”,which was to some extent a construction of the Qin people's ethnic identity by others.There are special historical contexts behind these images:Qin Yi and Qin Rong reflect the discrimination against the Qin people during the Spring and Autumn period due to differences in culture and custom;and the term“tiger and wolf”was the deliberate magnification of the differences between Qin and eastern kingdoms by Zonghengjia(纵横家),so as to instigate widespread hatred for Qin and to achieve a united struggle against Qin.In this process,the Qin people continued to build its ethnic identity.In the early period,they went through the transformation from the clan of Ying(嬴)to the people of Qin,while being mindful of the boundary between Man(蛮)and Xia(夏).With the growth of state power,it established cultural confidence,and began to refer to themselves as people of Xia.During the unification process,it reconstructed the ethnic identity of the people of Qin and achieved a transformation from blood ties to geopolitics.This change marked the completion of the construction of Qin's ethnic identity and demonstrated its self-confidence and determination as a great unified nation.

关 键 词：秦人 夏 族群 身份建构 

分 类 号：K231[历史地理—历史学] K232[历史地理—中国史]