苏联对德国东部铀矿的勘探、开发及其影响(1945—1953)  

Soviet Exploration and Development of Uranium Mines in Eastern Germany and Its Influence,1945-1953

作　　者：刘颜青 Liu Yanqing

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《史学月刊》2025年第4期95-103,共9页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“苏联核计划档案文献资料翻译整理研究”(15ZDB064)。

摘　　要：在苏联研制核弹的过程中,德国东部的铀矿发挥了重要作用。1942年,苏联启动“铀工作”,因国内铀矿匮乏而将目光投向德国。二战结束前夕,苏联开始在德国东部探查铀矿及其富集物。战后,苏联在占领区内开展大规模的地质勘探,并于次年在萨克森州取得重大进展。1947年,由苏联控制的维斯穆特公司成立,并在多个部门的支持下迅速发展成苏联核工业体系中最大的铀矿基地。在1953年该公司转由苏联与东德合营之前,苏联专注于提高产量,忽视对职工的物质和生活保障,引发诸多社会与环境问题,其影响甚至在德国统一后仍有遗留。During the Soviet Union's development of nuclear weapons,the uranium mines in eastern Germany played a crucial role.In 1942,the Soviet Union launched“Operation Uranium”,turning its attention to Germany due to the scarcity of domestic uranium resources.On the eve of the end of World WarⅡ,the Soviet Union began to gather intelligence on uranium mines in eastern Germany.After the war,the Soviets conducted large-scale geological surveys in their occupation zone and made significant discoveries in Saxony in the following year.In 1947,the Soviet-controlled“Wismut”Company was established and,with the support of multiple departments,quickly became the largest uranium mining base in the Soviet nuclear industry.Before it was restructured into a Soviet-East German joint venture in 1953,the company prioritized increasing production at the expense of workers'material and social welfare,which led to the emergence of numerous social issues.The effects of these problems persisted even after the reunification of Germany.

关 键 词：苏联 德国东部 铀矿 维斯穆特公司 

分 类 号：K512.55[历史地理—历史学]