高铁地震数据瑞雷面波全波形反演浅地表速度建模  

Full-waveform inversion of Rayleigh wave from high-speed-train seismic data for shallow-surface velocity building

作　　者：王磊 任志明 包乾宗[1,2] WANG Lei;REN ZhiMing;Bao QianZong(College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang′an University,Xi′an 710064,China;National Engineering Research Center of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration,Beijing 100028,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,西安710064 [2]海洋油气勘探国家工程研究中心,北京100028

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2025年第4期1444-1456,共13页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFA0716902);国家自然科学基金(42174156)和长安大学中央高校基本科研业务费专向资金(300102264204)联合资助。

摘　　要：利用高铁地震数据进行浅地表成像可服务于地下路基监测和工程建设等重大需求.高铁地震数据存在波模式复杂(纵波、横波、面波、噪声等)和多震源串扰问题,将不同类型波场分离和不同震源波场解耦都较为困难.高铁地震数据中面波能量占主导.本文直接采用高铁地震数据中的瑞雷面波进行全波形反演获取浅地表的纵横波速度结构.通过对高铁激发地震波的过程进行简化构建了震源函数,实现了高架桥上单趟列车激发的高铁地震数据瑞雷面波模拟,建立了基于模拟与观测数据残差的极小化目标函数,给出了与面波相关的模型参数梯度/敏感核提取方法,基于高铁地震数据的窄带分立谱特征选取合适的频率成分实现了瑞雷面波多尺度全波形反演.干净和含噪理论数据测试结果表明,高铁地震数据瑞雷面波全波形反演均可得到合理的纵横波速度模型,具有实现浅地表地质结构高精度探测的潜力.Shallow-surface imaging using the High-Speed-Train(HST)seismic data can serve major needs such as subgrade monitoring and engineering construction.The HST seismic data suffer from the problem of wavemode complexity(P-wave,S-wave,surface wave,noise,etc.)and multi-source crosstalk,and it is difficult to perform the decomposition of different types of waves and the decoupling of wavefields from different sources.Surface wave dominates the HST seismic data.In this paper,Full-Waveform Inversion(FWI)of Rayleigh wave from the HST seismic data is used to build shallow-surface P-wave and S-wave velocity structures.The HST source function is constructed by simplifying the excitation process of seismic waves,and the Rayleigh wave HST seismic data produced by a single train on the viaduct are modeled.The objective function based on the residual between the modeled and observed data is adopted,and the scheme of extracting the gradients with respect to model parameters(sensitivity kernels)related to surfaces waves is developed.Based on the narrow-band and separate spectral characteristics,different frequency contents are applied to implement the multi-scale inversion of Rayleigh wave from the HST seismic data.Inversion results for clean and noisy synthetic data reveal that FWI of Rayleigh wave from the HST seismic data can obtain reasonable P-wave and S-wave velocity models and has the potential to realize the high-accuracy detection of shallow-surface geologic structures.

关 键 词：高铁地震数据 全波形反演 瑞雷面波 浅地表成像 多尺度反演 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]