生物有机肥对沙化潮土玉米生长及土壤性状的影响  

Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on maize growth and soil properties in sandy tidal soil

作　　者：刘子楷 刘翠平 杨寒星 孟凡正 王誉洁 杨留洋 邵瑞鑫[1] 郭家萌 LIU Zikai;LIU Cuiping;YANG Hanxing;MENG Fanzheng;WANG Yujie;YANG Liuyang;SHAO Ruixin;GUO Jiameng(College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2025年第2期295-305,共11页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1901002)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究增施不同生物有机肥对沙化潮土条件下夏玉米苗期生长发育及土壤性状的影响,为沙化潮土区夏玉米的施肥选择及土壤改良提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽种植,以黄金粮MY73为试验材料,设置4个处理:常规施肥(T1)、增施腐殖酸生物有机肥(T2)、增施腐殖酸生物有机肥+生物有机肥(T3)、增施腐殖酸生物有机肥+农用微生物菌剂(T4)。于出苗后第42天进行植株生理指标(叶绿素含量相对、叶面积、干物质等)和土壤指标(土壤酶活性和根际土壤细菌群落结构)测定。【结果】与常规施肥处理相比,增施腐殖酸生物有机肥+生物有机肥可以显著提高玉米苗期叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、干物质累积量及其叶片酶活性,根长,根表面积和根体积也有显著提高。同时,在该处理下,土壤的蔗糖酶(S-SC)和脲酶(S-UE)活性也有显著提升,根际土壤中绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、核衣细菌目(Bacillales)的丰度较常规施肥处理增加了32.05%、44.47%和59.56%,促进了土壤有机质的分解和养分转化,有利于土壤中CO_(2)的固定,防止了水肥流失。【结论】在沙化潮土条件下,增施腐殖酸生物有机肥+生物有机肥有利于促进夏玉米苗期的生长发育,提高作物的抗逆性,提高土壤有机质含量,改善土壤细菌群落结构,提高土壤肥力。【Objective】To explore the effects of different bio-organic fertilizers on the growth and soil properties of summer maize at the seedling stage under sandy tidal soil conditions,and to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of summer maize fertilization and the improvement of soil in sandy tidal soil area.【Method】A pot planting was conducted using golden grain MY73 as experimental material,and four treatments were set up:conventional fertilization(T1),increased application of humic acid bio-organic fertilizer(T2),increased application of humic acid bio-organic fertilizer+bio-organic fertilizer(T3),increased application of humic acid bio-organic fertilizer+agricultural microbial agent(T4).Plant physiological indexes(SPAD,leaf area,dry matter,etc.)and soil indexes(soil enzyme activity and rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure)were determined on the 42nd day after emergence.【Result】Compared with conventional fertilization treatment,the increased application of humic acid bio-organic fertilizer+bio-organic fertilizer could significantly increase SPAD value,dry matter accumulation,leaf enzyme activity,root length,root surface area and root volume of maize at the seedling stage.In addition,the activities of sucrase and urease in the soil also significantly increased under this treatment.The relative abundances of Chloroflexi,Firmicutes,Bacillales in the rhizosphere increased by 32.05%,44.47%,59.56%,respectively,compared with that of conventional fertilization treatment.This enhancement promoted the decomposition of soil organic matter and nutrient conversion,contributed to the fixation of CO_(2) in the soil,and prevented the loss of water and fertilizer.【Conclusion】Under the condition of sandy tidal soil,the application of humic acid bio-organic fertilizer+bio-organic fertilizer can promote the growth and development of summer maize seedling,improve the resistance of crops,increase the content of soil organic matter,improve the structure of soil bacterial community and enhance soil fertil

关 键 词：夏玉米 生物有机肥 沙化潮土 根系 叶片酶活性 土壤酶活性 细菌群落结构 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]