固氮与秸秆降解复合菌剂构建及其在秸秆还田中的应用  

Construction of nitrogen fixation and straw degradation composite microbial agent and its application in straw returning to the field

作　　者：张旭屹 彭仕乐 谢慧[1] 毛国涛 宋安东[1] 张宏森 王风芹[1] ZHANG Xuyi;PENG Shile;XIE Hui;MAO Guotao;SONG Andong;ZHANG Hongsen;WANG Fengqin(College of Life Science,Hennan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学生命科学学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2025年第2期306-315,共10页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700900)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选高效固氮微生物,构建固氮与秸秆降解双功能复合菌剂,探究复合菌剂对秸秆还田小麦栽培农区秸秆降解、土壤氮素含量、小麦产量与品质的影响。【方法】利用乙炔还原法筛选具有高固氮酶活性的微生物,测定其促生长能力。利用高效固氮微生物制备固氮菌剂,通过秸秆固态发酵考察固氮菌剂对秸秆降解菌剂降解秸秆及对发酵物料中氮素含量的影响。将固氮菌剂(N)与秸秆降解菌剂(ND5)复配,构建固氮与秸秆降解双功能复合菌剂(N+ND5),应用于玉米秸秆原位还田的小麦栽培试验小区,对比复合菌剂(N+ND5)和单独秸秆降解菌剂(ND5)对还田秸秆降解、土壤氮素含量、小麦产量、小麦植株和籽粒氮素含量的影响。【结果】根据固氮酶活性测定结果,筛选获得2株具有高效固氮能力的巴西固氮螺菌CGMCC 1.5807(N1)和CGMCC 1.10379(N2),均可产生长素吲哚乙酸和铁载体。固态发酵结果表明,施加N1+ND5和N2+ND5处理组玉米秸秆降解率较ND5处理组分别提高54.9%和68.5%,物料中氮素增加量分别提高29.2%和43.1%,因此,选择N2+ND5处理组进行小区试验。小区试验结果表明,与施加ND5相比,施加N2+ND5的处理组显著提高了还田玉米秸秆半纤维素降解速率和0~20 cm土层中全氮含量;小麦产量未有明显变化,小麦植株和籽粒全氮含量分别提高9.8%和6.9%。【结论】固氮与秸秆降解复合菌剂应用于秸秆还田小麦栽培农区,能够提高表层土壤全氮含量和还田秸秆中半纤维素的降解速率,以及小麦植株和籽粒中的氮含量。【Objective】Efficient nitrogen fixing microorganisms were screened to construct a dual-function composite microbial agent capable of both nitrogen fixation and straw degradation.An experiment was also carried out to explore the effects of this composite microbial agent on straw degradation,soil nitrogen content,wheat yield and quality during wheat cultivation with straw returning to the field.【Method】Efficient nitrogen-fixing bacteria were screened from laboratory preserved strains using the acetylene reduction method and their plant growth-promoting potential were also determined.Nitrogen-fixing microbial agents(N)were prepared with efficient nitrogen fixing microorganisms,and the effects of nitrogen-fixing bacterial on straw biodegradation by straw-degrading microbial agents and the nitrogen content in fermentation materials were explored by solid fermentation of corn straw.A dual-function composite microbial agent(N+ND5),combined with a nitrogen-fixing microbial agent(N)and a straw-degrading microbial agent(ND5),was applied to a wheat cultivation experimental plot with in suit corn straw incorporation.The effects of the composite microbial agent(N+ND5)and the single straw degrading microbial agent(N)on straw degradation,soil nitrogen content,wheat yield,and nitrogen content of plants and grains were analyzed.【Result】Two strains of Azospirillum brasi-lense,CGMCC 1.5807(N1)and CGMCC 1.10379(N2),which exhibited high nitrogen-fixing ability,were selected based on the assay results of nitrogen-fixing enzyme activity.Both strains could produce the IAA and siderophores.The results of solid-state fermentation showed that the degradation rate of corn straw treated with N1+ND5 and N2+ND5 increased by 54.9%and 68.5%respectively,compared to the ND5 treatment group.The nitrogen content in the fermented material increased by 29.2%to 43.1%,respectively.Therefore,the N2+ND5 treatment was selected for plot experiment.The results of the wheat cultivation plot experiment showed that,compared with the application of ND

关 键 词：固氮菌 秸秆降解菌 复合菌剂 秸秆还田 小麦栽培 

分 类 号：S144.5[农业科学—肥料学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]