基于埃洛石/石墨烯复合气凝胶的盐渍区咸水脱盐技术研究  

Study on desalination technology of saline water in saline areas based on halloysite/graphene composite aerogel

作　　者：晁聪 张宇昊 张丹 李玉坤 张海洋 CHAO Cong;ZHANG Yuhao;ZHANG Dan;LI Yukun;ZHANG Haiyang(School of Smarts Energy&Environment,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 451191,China;Science and Technology Innovation Coordination Service Center,Laiwu District,Jinan 271100,China;Guiyang Wudang District Water Administration Bureau,Guiyang 550018,China)

机构地区：[1]中原工学院智慧能源与环境学院,河南郑州451191 [2]济南市莱芜区科技创新协调服务中心,山东济南271100 [3]贵阳市乌当区水务管理局,贵州贵阳550018

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2025年第2期338-346,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(242102320103)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对黄淮海缺水盐渍区灌溉用水短缺问题,开发一种基于埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)和氧化石墨烯(GO)的复合气凝胶材料,通过太阳能驱动的水蒸发技术对盐渍区咸水脱盐,为盐渍区提供可靠的灌溉用水。【方法】利用HNTs和GO作为原材料,通过优化材料配方和工艺条件,制备了具有高效水分蒸发性能的气凝胶。试验过程中,重点探讨了埃洛石质量浓度、光照度、光照时间等因素对蒸发性能的影响,并优化了制备工艺。通过拉曼光谱、接触角测量、扫描电子显微镜、比表面积测试和X射线衍射光谱等手段对样品的结构和性能进行了表征。【结果】当埃洛石质量浓度为600 mg·L^(-1)时,所制备的埃洛石/石墨烯复合气凝胶(HGA-3)展现出最优的蒸发性能。在光照条件下,该气凝胶能迅速将太阳光能转化为热能,提升表面温度,从而加速水分蒸发。试验结果显示,HGA-3在3个太阳光照度下的蒸汽平均产生速率高达0.77 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1),为盐渍区农业灌溉提供了稳定可靠的水资源。此外,研究还发现,适量的埃洛石纳米管掺杂能有效提升石墨烯气凝胶的亲水性和水传输能力,进而增强其蒸发性能。【结论】成功制备了基于HNTs和GO的复合气凝胶材料,并通过试验验证了其在太阳能驱动水热蒸发方面的优异性能。【Objective】Addressing the issue of irrigation water shortage in the water-scarce saline-alkali region of Huang-Huai-Hai,this study developed a composite aerogel material based on halloysite nanotubes(HNTs)and graphene oxide(GO).By utilizing solar-driven water evaporation techno-logy,this material effectively desalinates saline water in the region,providing a reliable source of irrigation water for saline areas.【Method】HNTs and GO were used as raw materials to prepare an aerogel with high water evaporation performance through optimizing material formulations and processing conditions.During the experimental process,the effects of factors such as HNTs mass concentration,illumination,and illumination duration on the evaporation performance were investigated,and the preparation process was optimized.The structure and properties of the samples were characterized using Raman spectroscopy,contact angle measurement,scanning electron microscopy,specific surface area analysis,and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy.【Result】When the HNTs mass concentration was 600 mg·L^(-1),the prepared halloysite/graphene composite aerogel(HGA-3)exhibited optimal evaporation performance.Under illumination,the aerogel could rapidly convert solar energy into thermal energy,increasing the surface temperature and thereby accelerating water evaporation.The experimental results showed that HGA-3 achieved an average steam generation rate of up to 0.77 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1) under 3 sun illumination units,providing a stable and reliable water source for agricultural irrigation in saline-alkali areas.Additionally,the study found that appropriate doping of HNTs could effectively enhance the hydrophilicity and water transport capability of graphene aerogels,further improving their evaporation performance.【Conclusion】The composite aerogel material based on HNTs and GO was successfully prepared,and its excellent performance in solar-driven water evaporation was verified by experiments.

关 键 词：埃洛石纳米管 石墨烯 气凝胶 蒸发性能 咸水脱盐 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]