论宋代俸给原则的形成及其实践  

On the Formation of Salary Distribution Principles in the Song Dynasty and Their Application in Practice

作　　者：高士捷 Gao Shijie

机构地区：[1]河北大学宋史研究中心,河北保定071000

出　　处：《史学月刊》2025年第3期16-25,共10页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：河北省社会科学基金项目“唐宋之际御史台职官制度演进研究”(HB24LS016)。

摘　　要：宋代官制复杂多变,俸禄的发放原则即是其中之一。北宋前期,宰相具有专属使职俸料,直接导致其不再依本官、兼官领俸,这是“从一多给”给俸原则的隐形表达。在面对多元俸料选择时,选人等官员亦遵循这一原则。从一多给原则在实践中形成,应用于官员经济待遇的诸多方面,通过《嘉祐禄令》得以制度化呈现,并对之后的俸禄制度产生深远影响,是两宋时期给俸的基本原则。这一原则,既照顾了“品位”与“职位”双重因素,又将俸额置于可控范围,是宋代实用性官僚制度的突出体现。Bureaucratic systems in the Song dynasty were changeable and complex,so the standard of giving salary was one of the most complex issues.During the early period of the Northern Song Dynasty,the prime minister could only get paid from this one single position,which prevented him from getting paid for being officers or taking other positions simultaneously,and could be regarded as an invisible expression of Congyiduoji(从一多给).Facing complex choices of giving salary,the local officials and others also adhered to this principle.The way of giving salary called Congyiduoji had been formed in practice,which was applied in many aspects such as the treatment of officials,and had been institutionalized through Jiayou Luling(《嘉佑禄令》).It had a profound impact on later salary systems,and was gradually evolved as a basic principle of salary system in the Song dynasty.Congyiduoji took both rank and position into consideration,and also reduced the salary expense to a controllable range,which was a clear reflection of practical bureaucratic systems in the Song dynasty.

关 键 词：宋代 宰相俸料 俸禄制度 从一多给 《嘉祐禄令》 

分 类 号：K245[历史地理—历史学]