战后国民政府经济统制与无锡蚕丝业的发展(1945—1949)  

The Economic Control of the National Government After World WarⅡand the Development of Wuxi Silk Industry,1945—1949

作　　者：袁逸颖 Yuan Yiying

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《史学月刊》2025年第3期83-97,共15页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“抗战后无锡商会档案的整理与研究(1945—1949)”(20BZS095);江苏省研究生科研创新计划“危机下的博弈与发展:建国前后中国蚕丝公司研究”(KYCX24-0085)。

摘　　要：战后无锡蚕丝业复工面临的困境和进路,与国民政府的经济统制政策密切相关。抗战胜利后,国民政府为促进无锡丝厂复工,利用接收的日伪企业设立中蚕公司实行统制,以推进工业建设。统制过程中,因无锡蚕丝的生产和销售端分离,加之海外市场不振,导致无锡蚕丝业陷入困境。为此,国民政府成立统制为主体的蚕丝产销委员会,旨在强化统制解决以无锡一域为代表的蚕丝业困境。蚕丝产销协导委员会通过把控原料、限定茧行进而议价统收原料实现了蚕茧运销统制。与此同时,无锡缫丝厂的经营模式由自负盈亏转向统配与统销,丝厂需要先向协导会上缴生丝才能自行生产。因此无锡的蚕农与丝厂纷纷调整生产,推动了无锡蚕丝业的恢复。在此背景下,无锡蚕丝业既受益于统制经济,最终又伴随着统制经济的失败而走向破产。The post-World WarⅡrecovery of Wuxi's silk industry faced challenges closely tied to the economic control policies of the National Government.After the victory of World WarⅡ,the National Government promoted industrial development by setting up the China National Silk Corporation,utilizing enterprises previously held by Japanese and puppet authorities to implement control and stimulate the reopening of Wuxi's silk factories.Throughout the control process,the separtion of silk production and sales in Wuxi,together with the sluggish overseas market,plunged Wuxi's silk industry into a predicament.To address this issue,the National Government established the Cocoon and Silk Production and Sales Committee as the primary regulatory body,aiming to resolve the crisis in the silk industry of regions like Wuxi through a unified procurement and sales model.This committee controlled raw materials by restricting cocoon processing firms and regulating cocoon transportation and sales.Concurrently,the operational model of Wuxi silk factories shifted from self-financing to unified distribution and sales,requiring them to submit raw silk to the coordinating committee before independent production.Consequently,factories adjusted their operation model,and facilitated the recovery of Wuxi's silk industry.However,this recovery increasingly depended on the controlled economy,and,as such,Wuxi's silk industry faced collapse with the failure of the controlled economy.

关 键 词：统制政策 蚕丝业 中蚕公司 无锡 

分 类 号：K266[历史地理—历史学]