数据可供性的再隐蔽:平台社会视角下平台未授权数据开放特征与权力边界  

Re-hidden Affordance of Data:Characteristics of Unauthorized Open Data and its Power Boundaries in a Platform Society

作　　者：方园 孙铭菲 Fang Yuan;Sun Mingfei(School of Journalism,Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学新闻学院,上海200433

出　　处：《新闻界》2025年第2期72-83,96,共13页

摘　　要：平台授权单向性与第三方行动者日益增长的数据需求之间的矛盾,推动了未授权的数据采集方式兴起。作为更隐蔽的数据流动方式,未授权的数据采集与平台数据开放权力之间的运作关系尚未得到足够的关注。从平台社会中的数据基础设施和可供性理论脉络出发,本研究旨在考察未授权情境下行动者与平台方的技术互动,揭示其背后所隐含的平台数据开放特征,并由此审视平台权力边界。通过走查法与半结构化访谈发现,未授权的数据采集对平台与用户“双重隐蔽”。行动者挑战平台既定框架并进行技术实践的再创造,这种未授权数据的可获取性成为数据可供性“再隐蔽”的表现形式。平台对技术手段的权衡与使用促成了“分层可供”的数据开放特征,形成技术性的权力边界,并将其与行动者在技术层面上的对抗关系转化为社会性的合作关系,以巩固自身权力。Given the contradiction between platforms'authoritative control over data and the growing data access demands from third-party actors,an increasing reliance on unauthorized data collection methods has emerged.Regarding the operational relationship between acquiring unauthorized data and platforms'power over open data,as a more hidden form of data flow,it has not been sufficiently explored.Drawing on the data infrastructure in platform society and the affordance theory,this study aims to investigate the technological interactions between platforms and unauthorized actors,revealing the hidden characteristics of open data as well as the platforms'power boundaries.Through a walkthrough method and semi-structured interviews,this study found that unauthorized data collection is“dual hidden”to both platforms and users.Moreover,actors challenge platforms'established framework and recreate technical practices.The accessibility of unauthorized data becomes a manifestation of the re-hidden affordance of data.Platforms'use and balancing of technology give rise to the‘layered affordability'characteristic of open data,thus forming technological power boundaries.Furthermore,platforms tend to transform the technological adversarial relationship between platforms and actors into social cooperation,thereby strengthening their power over data.

关 键 词：平台社会 数据开放 可供性理论 平台权力 网络爬虫 

分 类 号：G210[文化科学—新闻学]