中国农业现代化转型背景下小农经济韧性研究--基于胶东葡萄种植户劳动力配置过程的考察  

Resilience of Smallholder Economy in the Agricultural Modernization Transformation in China--A Case Study of the Labor Allocation Process of Grape Growers in Jiaodong Area

作　　者：高士健 GAO Shijian(College of Marzism,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学马克思主义学院,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期27-39,共13页JOURNAL OF GUANGXI MINZU UNIVERSITY:PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“乡村振兴背景下小农户融入现代农业经营体系的实践路径”(项目编号:22CSH036)。

摘　　要：在中国农业现代化转型背景下,以高附加值作物生产为代表的新农业正在兴起。文章通过对胶东G村葡萄种植过程的案例分析,从“劳动属性-用工策略”视角考察了小农户在不同种植环节的劳动力配置过程。研究发现,新农业生产呈现“资本-劳动-技术”多要素密集化特征,不同种植环节在农作参差期、技术属性和劳动精度等方面的差异化要求,塑造了新农业生产的劳动属性。基于此,小农户通过灵活运用家庭劳动力、熟人换工和专业雇工等多元劳动力配置方式,在生产环节实现了种植成本、管理效率与市场需求的均衡;在流通环节,小农户以低成本优势形成了以中小型产地中间商为主的销售网络,缓解了企业化农业带来的市场挤压。小农户在新农业生产与流通环节展现的高度适应性,不仅解释了小农经济存续的现实基础,而且为理解中国农业现代化转型的多元路径提供了新视角。Against the backdrop of China's agricultural modernization transformation,a new form of agriculture characterized by the production of high-value-added crops is emerging.Certain studies suggest that the highly market-oriented nature of production and distribution in this new form of agriculture will squeeze the living space of smallholder peasants,ultimately leading to the replacement of smallholder economy by corporate agriculture.However,this perspective does not convincingly explain the widespread persistence of smallholder farming practices in the current new agricultural production.Based on a case study of the grape planting in Village G in Jiaodong area of Shandong Province,this paper examines the labor allocation process of smallholder peasants during different planting stages from the perspective of"labor attributes-employment strategies".It is found that new agricultural production is characterized by a multi-factor intensification of"capital-labor-technology",with varying requirements during different stages in terms of farming intervals,technical attributes,and labor precision,which shape the labor attributes of new agricultural production.In response,smallholder peasants achieve a balance between planting costs,management efficiency,and market demands by flexibly utilizing diverse methods of labor allocation such as family labor,reciprocal labor among acquaintances,and professional hired labor.In the distribution phase,smallholder peasants leverage their low-cost advantages to form sales networks dominated by small and medium-sized local intermediaries in production areas,mitigating the market pressure exerted by corporate agriculture.The high adaptability demonstrated by smallholder peasants in both the production and distribution phases of new form of agriculture not only explains the practical foundation for the continuation of smallholder economy,but also provides a new perspective for understanding the diverse pathways of China's agricultural modernization transformation.

关 键 词：中国农业现代化 新农业生产 小农经济韧性 劳动力配置过程 

分 类 号：F320.3[经济管理—产业经济]