放射性同位素核电源技术与应用展望  

Prospects of radioactive isotope nuclear power technology and its applications

作　　者：吕冬翔 李轩 周天 陈媛媛[1] LV Dongxiang;LI Xuan;ZHOU Tian;CHEN Yuanyuan(Tianjin Institute of Power Sources,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所,天津300384

出　　处：《电源技术》2025年第4期699-705,共7页Chinese Journal of Power Sources

摘　　要：放射性同位素核电源是通过换能装置将放射性同位素衰变释放的能量转换成电能的一种装置。综述了放射性同位素核源和换能器两大核心部件发展现状:介绍了可用于放射性同位素核电源的钚-238、锶-90、镅-241、镍-63和氚等五种代表性的同位素源;依据能量转换方式差异分类详述了多种换能技术与换能器。选用合适的放射性同位素制备的电源具有使用寿命长、不受外界环境约束、免维护等常规电源无可比拟的优势,作为一种自持式电源,放射性同位素核电源在无光、弱光、低温等苛刻环境条件下具有不可替代的作用。论述了放射性同位素核电源在宇航、消费及医疗等领域的应用现状,最后展望了技术发展方向和产品应用前景。The radioisotope nuclear power source is a device that converts the energy released by the decay of radioactive isotopes into electrical energy.The development and present status of radioactive isotope source and the energy conversion device were reviewed.The radioisotope sources that can be selected for use include plutonium-238,strontium-90,americium-241,nickel-63,and tritium were presented.The energy conversion technologies and energy conversion devices were expatiated according to the way of energy conversion.The use of suitable radioactive isotopes to prepare the power source has advantages that are unmatched by conventional power sources,such as a long service life,no constraints from external environments,and no maintenance.As a self-sustaining power source,radioisotope nuclear power sources have an indispensable role in harsh environments such as no light,weak light,low temperature.The present situation of radioisotope nuclear power source was introduced in the military and medical applications.The direction of technology development and the application prospects of product were envisioned.

关 键 词：放射性同位素核电源 换能技术 应用及展望 

分 类 号：TM913[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]