基于锂离子电池的在线阻抗监测系统设计  

On-line monitoring technology of electrochemical impedance spectros‐copy for lithium ion batteries

作　　者：张韩召 赵一聪 代兵飞 张勇辉[1] 高鹏[2] ZHANG Hanzhao;ZHAO Yicong;DAI Bingfei;ZHANG Yonghui;GAO Peng(School of Electronic Information,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China;Tianjin Institute of Power Sources,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学电子信息学院,天津300401 [2]中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所,天津300384

出　　处：《电源技术》2025年第4期755-763,共9页Chinese Journal of Power Sources

基　　金：2022年国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(62201631)。

摘　　要：电化学阻抗谱(electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,EIS)是反映锂离子电池性能的重要参量之一,EIS在线监测系统可用于锂离子电池工况状态的实时评估和故障预警。针对锂离子电池电化学阻抗谱在线监测,设计了一款基于嵌入式微控制器、电池管理芯片以及上位机软件的EIS在线监测系统。该系统能够采集锂离子电池宽频段阻抗特性,实现了0.12~7812.52 Hz频率范围内交流阻抗的在线测量。通过对锂离子电池进行五次重复性实验,相对阻抗偏差最大仅为0.61%(@0.48 Hz)。采用该系统与电化学工作站分别对锂离子电池进行不同SOC下的EIS静态测试,两者的最大相对误差仅为5.91%(@7812.52 Hz,30%SOC)。通过对电池工况的动态追踪,分析了充放电过程中EIS动态曲线,提出将幅值变化速率0.61 mΩ/s作为电池过放阈值,可提前180 s进行过放预警。EIS在线监测系统具有数据可视化、硬件结构简单、检测效率高以及成本低廉等优势,可方便集成于电池管理系统(BMS)中,在锂离子电池状态在线估计及故障预警等方面具有应用前景。Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)is one of the important parameters reflecting the performance of lithium-ion batteries,and the EIS can be used for online assessment of lithium battery working condition and fault warning.For the online monitoring of electrochemical impedance spectra of lithium-ion batteries,an EIS online monitoring system based on an embedded microcontroller,a battery management IC and upper computer software,was designed.This system is able to collect the wide-band impedance characteristics of lithium-ion batteries and realize the online measurement of AC impedance in the frequency range of 0.12-7812.52 Hz.The maximum relative impedance deviation is only 0.61%(@0.48 Hz)by five repetitive tests on lithium-ion batteries.The EIS static tests of lithium-ion batteries at different SOCs were performed using this system and electrochemical workstation respectively,and the maximum relative error is only 5.91%(@7812.52 Hz,30%SOC).Through the dynamic tracking of the battery working conditions,the dynamic curve of EIS during charging and discharging was analyzed,and it is proposed that the amplitude change rate of 0.61 mΩ/s was taken as the threshold value of the battery over-discharge,which can be carried out in advance of 180 s for the early warning of over-discharge.This EIS online monitoring system designed has the advantages of data visualization,simple hardware structure,high detection efficiency and low cost,which can be easily integrated into the battery management system(BMS),and has the prospect of application in the online estimation of the state of lithium-ion batteries and early warning of failures.

关 键 词：电化学阻抗谱 阻抗在线监测 故障预警 嵌入式系统 上位机系统 

分 类 号：TM912.9[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]