有限空间下动力电池风冷散热结构优化研究  

Research on optimization of air-cooled heat dissipation structure of power batteries in limited space

作　　者：张文涛[1] 李晓杰[1] 王发成[2] 王泽宇 张扬 ZHANG Wentao;LI Xiaojie;WANG Facheng;WANG Zeyu;ZHANG Yang(School of Energy and Power Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan Shanxi 030051,China;China North Vehicle Research Institute,Beijing 100072,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学能源与动力工程学院,山西太原030051 [2]中国北方车辆研究所,北京100072

出　　处：《电源技术》2025年第4期782-793,共12页Chinese Journal of Power Sources

基　　金：山西省研究生创新项目(2023SJ236);高端装备可靠性技术山西省重点实验室开放研究基金项目(GDZBKKX—10)。

摘　　要：在实验平台进行21700圆柱锂离子电池的HPPC脉冲实验,依据获取的内阻数据,编译UDF,进行电池生热瞬态仿真。通过电池单体放电实验,验证了模型的有效性。构建经典Z型电池组结构,在20、30和40℃环境下对该结构电池组进行1 C、2 C和3 C的放电模拟,深入分析放电结束后的温度场分布,总结出传统Z型通道电池组温度分布规律。针对Z型电池组仿真结果,改变进出风口位置,找出占用空间少且散热效果较好的方案。在该方案基础上对进出风口形状和扰流板位置、数量设计了多种方案。通过对比分析,明确空气流动对温度场影响规律,最终确定电池组最优结构。在2 C放电倍率下,该结构电池组相比原有结构,其散热性能显著提升,最高温度降低4.881℃,最大温差降低4.927℃,将最大温差控制在3℃以内。通过对风冷散热结构的优化,在有限的空间内实现了更高效的散热。HPPC pulse experiments of 21700 cylindrical lithium-ion batteries were carried out in the experimental platform,and based on the obtained internal resistance data,UDFs were compiled to carry out the transient simulation of battery heat generation.The validity of the model was verified through the battery single discharge experiment.The classical Z-type battery pack structure was constructed,and the discharge simulations of 1 C,2 C and 3 C were performed for the battery pack of this structure under the environments of 20,30 and 40℃,and the distribution of the temperature field at the end of the discharge was analyzed in depth,so as to summarize the temperature distribution law of the traditional Z-type channel battery pack.According to the simulation results of Z-type battery pack,the position of air inlet and outlet is changed to find out the scheme with less space and better heat dissipation effect.On the basis of this scheme,a variety of schemes were designed for the shape of air inlet and outlet and the position and number of spoilers.Through comparative analysis,the influence of air flow on the temperature field was clarified,and the optimal structure of the bat‐tery pack was finally determined.Under the 2 C discharge rate,compared with the original struc‐ture,the thermal performance of the battery pack with this structure is significantly improved with the maximum temperature reduced by 4.881℃and the maximum temperature difference reduced by 4.927℃,and the maximum temperature difference is controlled within 3℃.By optimizing the air-cooled heat dissipation structure,more efficient heat dissipation was achieved in a limited space.

关 键 词：电动汽车 风冷散热 生热模型 结构优化 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]