耐高温非织造过滤材料的制备及功能化研究进展  

Advances in preparation and functionalization of high temperature resistant nonwoven filtration materials

作　　者：李宽 邵瑞琪 王维[1] 时欣宇 贾志坤 刘胜凯[1] 石海婷 徐志伟[1] LI Kuan;SHAO Ruiqi;WANG Wei;SHI Xinyu;JIA Zhikun;LIU Shengkai;SHI Haiting;XU Zhiwei(Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites,Ministry of Education,School of Textile Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;Hebei North China Petroleum Engineering Construction Co.,Ltd.,Renqiu 062552,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院先进纺织复合材料教育部重点实验室,天津300387 [2]河北华北石油工程建设有限公司,河北任丘062552

出　　处：《精细化工》2025年第4期720-731,787,共13页Fine Chemicals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(12205218)。

摘　　要：耐高温非织造过滤材料具有出色的耐热性能和结构强度,在工业高温烟尘处理技术中占据首选地位。该文综述了耐高温非织造过滤材料的制备方法和功能化改性策略的最新研究进展。首先,阐述了耐高温非织造过滤材料的制备方法和过滤机理,介绍了针刺法、水刺法、熔喷纺丝法、静电纺丝法、离心纺丝和气流纺丝法的优势和缺点,简述了布朗扩散、惯性冲击、重力沉降、粒子拦截和静电吸附影响纤维材料过滤效率的主要过滤机理;然后,重点论述了耐高温过滤材料后整理工艺和功能化改性策略,通过涂层整理、覆膜处理和溶胶浸渍引入特殊功能基团,特别是采用表面改性、纳米技术整合和催化剂应用增强了耐高温过滤材料催化脱硝脱硫、降解二英、吸附重金属离子等处理特定污染物的能力;最后,展望了耐高温非织造过滤材料在提升耐热性、机械稳定性和环保性能的未来发展方向。High-temperature resistant nonwoven filtration materials with excellent heat resistance and structural strength are the preferred choice in industrial high-temperature dust treatment technology.Herein,the recent research progress in the preparation technology and functionalized modification of high temperature resistant nonwoven filtration materials was reviewed.Firstly,the preparation technology and filtration mechanism of high-temperature resistant nonwoven filtration materials were elaborated,with the advantages and disadvantages of preparation technologies,such as needle-punching,hydroentanglement,meltblown spinning,electrostatic spinning,centrifugal spinning,and airflow spinning,introduced,and five main filtration mechanisms affecting the filtration efficiency of fibrous materials,including Brownian diffusion,inertial impact,gravitational sedimentation,particle interception,and electrostatic adsorption,briefly described.Secondly,the finishing process and functionalization modification strategy of high temperature resistant filter materials,like introduction of special functional groups through coating finishing,laminating treatment and sol-gel impregnation,were specifically discussed,especially the use of surface modification,nanotechnology integration and catalyst application for enhancement on the ability of high-temperature resistant filter materials to catalyze denitrification and desulfurization and to degrade dioxins,adsorb heavy metals and other treatment of specific pollutants.Finally,the future development directions of high-temperature resistant nonwoven filtration materials in terms of heat resistance,

关 键 词：高温烟尘过滤 非织造材料 高效低阻 制备方法 后整理工艺 催化改性 

分 类 号：TS176[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计]