中国海水直接制氢商业化前景与展望  

Commercial prospect of direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production in China

作　　者：杨阳 宋兆阳 张胜中 王红涛 梁峰[2] 李雷 YANG Yang;SONG Zhaoyang;ZHANG Shengzhong;WANG Hongtao;LIANG Feng;LI Lei(SINOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co.,Ltd.,Dalian 116045,Liaoning,China;SINOPEC Qingdao Refining&Chemical Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266000,Shandong,China;SINOPEC Zhongyuan Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.,Puyang 457000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中石化(大连)石油化工研究院有限公司,辽宁大连116045 [2]中国石化青岛炼油化工有限责任公司,山东青岛266000 [3]中国石化中原石油化工有限责任公司,河南濮阳457000

出　　处：《精细化工》2025年第4期732-742,共11页Fine Chemicals

基　　金：中国石油化工股份有限公司资助项目(122097)。

摘　　要：海水中含有的杂质离子会对制氢过程产生严重的影响,与常规电解水制氢相比,海水直接电解制氢工况会对关键材料和设备提出更高的要求。目前,海水直接电解制氢不仅存在较多的技术壁垒,而且在工程化或大型化方面也面临较多的问题与挑战,整体制氢成本也很难占据优势,以上问题均在一定程度上限制其商业化的发展。该文概述了海水直接电解制氢技术的主要反应机理及技术难点,介绍了海水直接电解制氢的研究进展,重点综述了针对阴离子腐蚀、阳离子沉积、杂质离子副反应的解决措施与技术突破,主要包括阴阳极电极材料开发、电解液调控、反应替代与系统集成优化;最后,对中国海水直接电解制氢商业化存在的问题进行了深入剖析,并对其商业化前景以及拓展方向进行了展望。Compared with the conventional hydrogen production from water electrolysis,the direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production has higher requirements on key materials and key equipment due to the fact that the impurity ions contained in seawater will seriously affect the hydrogen production process.At present,hydrogen production by direct seawater electrolysis faces many technical barriers,and many problems as well as challenges in engineering or large-scale,while the cost in the whole system is difficult to occupy an advantage,which limits its commercial development to a certain extent.Herein,the main reaction mechanism and technical difficulties of direct seawater electrolysis hydrogen production technology were summarized.The research progress on hydrogen production from direct seawater electrolysis was then introduced,while the solutions and technical breakthroughs,such as anode/cathode electrodes,electrolyte regulation,reaction substitution and system integration optimization,for anionic corrosion,cationic deposition and impurity ion side reactions were reviewed.Finally,the problems in the commercialization of hydrogen production by seawater direct electrolysis in China were deeply analyzed,and its commercialization prospect and development direction were discussed.

关 键 词：海水直接电解制氢 商业化 杂质离子 腐蚀 沉积 电极材料 电解液 系统集成 

分 类 号：TK91[动力工程及工程热物理]