甜菜碱表面活性剂的合成及对稠化酸性能的影响  

Synthesis of betaine surfactant and its effect on properties of gelled acid

作　　者：梁钰茸 王磊[1,2] 王蕊 李玉龙 赖小娟 李朋[1] 牛雅妮 LIANG Yurong;WANG Lei;WANG Rui;LI Yulong;LAI Xiaojuan;LI Peng;NIU Yani(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Light Chemical Auxiliaries for Industry,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,Shaanxi,China;Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology,Xi'an 710021,Shaanxi,China;Xi'an Zhonghuixin Quality Testing Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710021,Shaanxi,China;Shaanxi Active Sun Rise Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710200,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学陕西省轻化工助剂重点实验室,陕西西安710021 [2]陕西农产品加工技术研究院,陕西西安710021 [3]西安中汇信质量检测技术有限公司,陕西西安710021 [4]陕西日新石油化工有限公司,陕西西安710200

出　　处：《精细化工》2025年第4期895-902,共8页Fine Chemicals

基　　金：秦创原“科学家+工程师”队伍建设项目(2024QCY-KXJ-052);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024GX-YBXM-393);陕西省教育厅产业化项目(23JC008);西安市科技计划项目(22GXFW0014)。

摘　　要：以15-溴-1-十五醇、二甲胺水溶液、环氧氯丙烷和3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠为原料,通过季铵化反应和开环反应制备了甜菜碱表面活性剂(TAC),采用FTIR、^(1)HNMR、^(13)CNMR、MS对其结构进行了表征。将TAC添加至稠化酸(SY)中制备了SY-x-TAC(x为TAC添加量,以SY质量的计,取值为0.2%~1.0%,下同)。通过表面张力仪、电导率仪、黏度计、流变仪、SEM对其进行了测试,考察了TAC添加量对SY-x-TAC耐温性和抗剪切性能的影响。结果表明,298.15 K下,TAC最低临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.116 mmol/L。SY-0.4%-TAC的耐温、耐剪切性能显著提高,升温至180℃时其溶液表观黏度和继续剪切1 h后溶液的最终表观黏度分别为80.85和75.48 mPa·s,比SY(48.01和42.52 mPa·s)分别提高了68.40%和77.52%。在应力扫描范围内,SY-0.4%-TAC和SY-0.6%-TAC存在明显的线性黏弹区,表现为弹性体,体系空间结构为更紧密的网状结构。SY的疏水基团与TAC的疏水尾端相互作用,形成混合胶束。疏水基团被包裹在胶束内部,TAC的亲水基团代替SY的亲水链,实现分子间缔合,表现出良好的协同效应。Betaine surfactant(TAC)was prepared from quaternization and ring-opening reactions of 15-bromo-1-pentadecanol,dimethylamine aqueous solution,epichlorohydrin and sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropanesulfonate,and characterized by FTIR,^(1)HNMR,^(13)CNMR and MS.SY-x-TAC(x is TAC addition amount,based on the mass to SY,0.2%~1.0%,the same below)was then obtained by adding TAC to gelled acid(SY).The effect of TAC addition amount on temperature resistance and shear resistance of SY-x-TAC was investigated by surface tension meter,conductivity meter,viscometer,rheometer and SEM.The results showed that the low critical micelle concentration(CMC)of TAV was 0.116 mmol/L at 298.15 K.The temperature and shear resistance of SY-0.4%-TAC were significantly improved,and the apparent viscosity of the solution at 180℃and the final apparent viscosity of the solution after continuous shearing for 1 h were 80.85 and 75.48 mPa·s,which were 68.40%and 77.52%higher than those of SY(48.01 and 42.52 mPa·s).In the range of stress scanning,SY-0.4%-TAC and SY-0.6%-TAC exhibited obvious linear viscoelastic zones,and behaved as elastomers,with the spatial structure of the system being a more compact reticular structure.The hydrophobic groups of SY interacted with the hydrophobic tails of TAC to form hybrid micelles,with the hydrophobic groups wrapped inside the micelles,and the hydrophilic groups of TAC replacing the hydrophilic chains of SY to achieve the intermolecular bonding,which showed a good synergistic effect.

关 键 词：甜菜碱表面活性剂 稠化酸 疏水缔合 耐高温 耐剪切 油田化学品 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程] TE357.2[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]